The Influence of Cognitive Factors in Public Speaking Anxiety

Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a prevalent challenge that can hinder learners’ academic and personal development. This study draws on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1986) and the three-component of PSA model by Bartholomay and Houlihan (2016). Quantitative data were obtained through a four-part survey adapted from Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSAS) and completed by 159 undergraduates. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for analysis. Participants experienced the highest cognitive anxiety from fear of forgetting their words, followed by concerns about audience judgment and embarrassment. Behavioural signs, such as handshaking and fidgeting, were moderate. Physiologically, the most prominent self-reported response during speeches was elevated heart rate, accompanied by reduced relaxation. Significant positive relationships were indicated between cognitive factors and both behavioral factors and physiological factors. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between internal experiences and external expressions of PSA. They also support a framework where cognitive appraisals (SCT personal factors) influence behaviours and physiological arousal (Bartholomay & Houlihan, 2016). The results suggest the need for cognitively focused, theory-informed interventions in public speaking education.