Intellectual Property Rights and Ghanaian Church Music: A Critical Examination of Royalty Payment and Collections

This study investigates the complex interplay of copyright law, royalty collection, and religious practice within Ghana's church music sector. Despite the significant cultural and spiritual value of gospel music, the sector is plagued by widespread copyright infringement, largely stemming from a critical lack of awareness and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, this research gathered data through document review, case laws, and semi-structured interviews with nine key stakeholders, including musicians, church leaders, music producer, media personnel, and representatives from the collective management organization, GHAMRO. The findings reveal a pronounced power imbalance, where musicians' reliance on churches for performance opportunities creates an environment susceptible to exploitation. The study further examines the pivotal, yet often ineffective, role of GHAMRO in advocating for fair compensation. It concludes that resolving this impasse requires a dual approach: first, the implementation of robust educational initiatives to enlighten both churches and musicians on copyright law; and second, institutional reforms within royalty collection agencies to ensure transparency and build trust. This research offers practical recommendations for harmonizing the sacred dimensions of worship with the economic rights of creators, providing a crucial framework for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to foster a more sustainable and equitable music industry in Ghana.