Conceptualizing Muslim and Non-Muslim Social Interaction in Malaysia Based on the Maqasid Shariah Framework

In human life, diversity in background, ethnicity, and religion is an unavoidable reality. As social beings, humans naturally enjoy associating and interacting with others to foster mutual understanding and appreciation of differences. Social interaction occurs when individuals engage with other individuals or groups in various aspects of daily life. For Muslims, any form of relationship with non-Muslim communities must take into account religious boundaries. In this regard, social interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims should be guided by Islamic principles based on the maqasid al-shariah, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Therefore, this study seeks to examine how the principles of maqasid al-shariah can serve as a framework or guideline for shaping social relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative approach by reviewing articles and writings that discuss religious issues and interfaith relations. The findings indicate that Islamic teachings establish specific boundaries for interactions with nonMuslims, particularly in matters involving their religious celebrations or rituals. However, there are views suggesting that a clear guideline should be developed to help Muslims understand the permissible limits of interaction with non-Muslims, especially in relation to cultural and festive celebrations. This study is significant as it provides a preliminary understanding and guidance for Muslims to maintain harmonious interreligious relations without compromising their Islamic principles and faith (aqidah).