The Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Translation Tools: Implications for Third Language Proficiency

This study examines the impact of using artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic translation tools, such as Chat GPT and DeepL, on third language proficiency among students at public universities (IPTA) in Malaysia. The primary issue discussed is the reliance of students on AI tools, which may potentially hinder language proficiency in areas such as grammar, writing, and speaking skills. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of AI usage on grammar and writing proficiency, analyze the relationship between students’ dependency on AI and their speaking skills, and identify the factors that drive students to use AI in learning a third language. This study employs a quantitative approach, with a questionnaire as the primary instrument, distributed to 306 students from three IPTAs in Malaysia. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between AI usage and language proficiency. The findings indicate a significant negative correlation between AI usage and proficiency in grammar and writing, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.52. Additionally, reliance on AI negatively affects speaking skills, with a beta value of -0.45. Factors such as accessibility to AI, the accuracy of AI, and familiarity with technology were identified as the main contributors to AI usage. In conclusion, while AI facilitates language learning, excessive dependence on it may impair third language proficiency. Therefore, the use of AI must be balanced with innovative learning methods to ensure more comprehensive language mastery.