Sustainability of the Malay Landscape Aesthetic Model in Urban Design: Case Studies of Kota Tinggi, Kuala Kangsar, and Kota Bharu

This study examines the application of Malay cultural landscape aesthetic elements in the context of contemporary urban development, focusing on Kota Tinggi, Kuala Kangsar, and Kota Bharu. The main issue of this study is the pressure of urbanization and modernization that threatens the sustainability of traditional elements such as gateways, gardens, and mosques, which are crucial for cultural identity and fulfilling the needs of modern society. The primary objective of this study is to identify the similarities and differences in the application of aesthetic elements among these three cities and analyze how these elements meet the needs of society in terms of biological, cultural, emotional, intellectual, and religious aspects. This study employs a qualitative approach using a multiple case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis, focusing on five key principles: biological needs, cultural development, intellectual creativity, emotional well-being, and religious fulfillment. Research instruments include checklists and interview guides based on sustainability principles. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach to identify patterns in the application of traditional elements in the three cities. The findings reveal that traditional elements such as rivers, gardens, and mosques continue to play a significant role but have been adapted to modern technologies. For example, the protective functions of traditional city have been replaced with digital security systems, while cultural and religious elements such as palaces and mosques continue to be symbols of identity. The study also discovered that creativity in architecture and traditional arts ensures these elements stay relevant to modern society couple with strategic integration and modern elements. This study thus, provides implications for urban planners and policymakers in preserving cultural values while addressing the current needs of society.