Conflicting Judicial Decisions and Operation of Administrative Agencies in Nigeria: A Study of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)

This paper examines the problem of conflicting judicial decisions and their impact on the operation of administrative agencies in Nigeria, focusing on the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). It explores how judicial inconsistencies arising from forum shopping, overlapping jurisdictions, and political interference undermine administrative stability and the effective implementation of public policy. Employing a qualitative legal and empirical research methodology, the study draws on doctrinal analysis, supported by empirical evidence from reported cases, institutional reports, and scholarly literature. Findings reveal that inconsistent judicial pronouncements, particularly in election-related cases, create legal uncertainty, operational confusion, and reputational challenges for INEC. These conflicts disrupt electoral timelines, weaken public confidence in democratic institutions, and erode key administrative law principles such as legality, consistency, and predictability. The paper further analyses the tension between judicial review and administrative discretion, highlighting how excessive judicial interference in administrative functions can compromise institutional autonomy. Comparative insights from other common law jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom and India, demonstrate that judicial coherence, strict adherence to precedent, and strong case management systems are vital for maintaining legal uniformity. It concludes that achieving judicial coherence and administrative stability in Nigeria requires strengthened judicial discipline, clearer jurisdictional boundaries, and procedural reforms to curb forum shopping. The paper recommends the establishment of centralised case databases, enhanced National Judicial Council oversight, and greater respect for administrative discretion. A balanced relationship between the judiciary and administrative agencies is essential for upholding the rule of law and sustaining Nigeria’s democratic governance.