A Geographical Analysis of Environmental and Human Potentials and Their Impact on the Diversity of Agricultural Patterns in Al-Muthanna Governorate (2024)

The agricultural system, which one of the basic pillars affects food production for the population and fodder for animals and the main engine of industrial. The model associated with commercial farming pays attention to selected crops as per the various relevant conditions of the natural and human environment. This process helps increase the area under cultivation and the volume of production. The used study descriptive and analytical that used quantitative data to enrich scientific knowledgde and widen the horizons. The study aims to follow the development and organization of methods that help enable agricultural development. Research shows that climate factors such as temperature, evaporation and low rainfall constraint agricultural expansion. Agricultural patterns and productivity will be increasingly influenced by human factors (e.g. the choice of irrigation method, and land ownership). The climate data was of 2024 as it had the complete climate record & recent climatic record and also prevailed climatic reality. The research results proved that most of the research in brief is mainly directed towards local consumption, with a lack of diversity, for large areas of interest in agriculture within administrative units. It also showed that agriculture generally suffers from dry climatic conditions, which can lead to aridity, resulting in weak production and exploitation of agricultural crops. Geographical limitation of the study is Muthanna Governorate in southern Iraq. The governorate is situated between latitudes 31°17' and 30°12’ N and longitudes 41°13' and 37°13' E. The total area of the samawa province is 51,402 kilometers squared or about 11% of Iraq. According to Map 1, Al-Muthanna Governorate shares an international border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.