Community-Based Assessment of Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts of Hill Land Development in Bentong, Malaysia

Hill land development has grown in importance as a component of urban expansion in nations like Malaysia, where flat land is in short supply. While such development has several benefits, including economic growth, infrastructural expansion, and greater land utilisation, it also poses significant sustainability difficulties. Major environmental issues include deforestation, soil erosion, landslides, and biodiversity loss. Social issues like as community dislocation and the deterioration of cultural assets complicate development outcomes, while economic advantages are frequently unevenly distributed, adding to higher living expenses and social inequality. This research assesses hill land development's environmental, social, economic, and infrastructural implications. A mixed-methods strategy was implemented, which included literature reviews, questionnaire surveys, and data analysis. The findings emphasise the vital need for long-term infrastructure design, such as robust road networks, effective water management systems, and enough public services, to reduce environmental deterioration and assist local people. The study indicates that effective integration of excellent engineering methods, community engagement, and strong regulatory frameworks is required to handle the complex issues of hill land development. The findings help policymakers, developers, and academics promote sustainable and inclusive development approaches.