Entrepreneurial Orientation of Undergraduate Students in Universiti Malaysia Perlis in Year 2026: A Conceptual Paper

Entrepreneurship has long played an important role as a social phenomenon in Malaysia and is widely regarded as an effective approach to enhancing the nation’s economic development. It also serves as a potential solution to unemployment issues, while contributing significantly to regional growth, economic expansion, and the encouragement of innovation. Malaysian public universities have implemented a range of initiatives aimed at fostering entrepreneurial engagement among students. Nevertheless, the level of participation and acceptance remains relatively low, particularly among young adults. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that shape young adults’ entrepreneurial intentions is crucial for advancing entrepreneurship development. In response to this concern, the present study seeks to fill this gap. The objective of this research is to examine existing literature related to entrepreneurial orientation, technology adoption—particularly in the areas of e-commerce and social media platforms—as well as self-efficacy, especially in the context of online business activities. This paper aims to determine the extent to which entrepreneurial orientation affects the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students in Malaysia. Furthermore, it will investigate and clarify how entrepreneurial orientation interacts with ICT self-efficacy and technology adoption among undergraduate students in the Malaysian context.