Relationship of Public Sphere, City and Sculpture

According to the Habermasist model, the public sphere, which has emerged as a field of bourgeoisie with modernism in Western societies in the 18th century, corresponds to a field of activity in which people can come together, produce their views, rhetoric and actions about a common problem and establish a mutual communication with each other thanks to its structure embracing everybody. Beyond the dimension of concept, the cities have been the focus of public life throughout history as a readable and visible form the public sphere and established a basis so that the public sphere concretely exists in space. The sculptures, which create a meeting point in places open to public and thus which have an impact on strengthening the function of public sphere, have become indispensable for urban planning. Thus this study establishes a conceptual framework concerning the public sphere, stresses the place gained by the sculpture in cities, city centers and squares as a public formation and analyzes the conditions for a sculpture to exist outdoors.