Scientific and Technological Development of the World Economy: Challenges and Prospects

The authors consider the pressing issue of providing scientific resources for the sustainable growth of the world and national economy, taking into account the definition of a “scientific and technological breakthrough”1 as one of the strategic priorities of the Russian Federation. The study primarily focuses on the challenges and prospects of scientific and technological processes, analyzing global best practices in the formation of these resources and proving a comparative assessment of country-specific indicators. The state and prospects of technology development in Russia are investigated; the key risks and threats are identified. Additionally, specific recommendations are proposed to mitigate these challenges for the domestic economy. Based on their findings, the authors conclude that scientific and technological resources play a crucial role in Russia’s development and argue that the country possesses the necessary reserves for technological advancement. They assert that Russia can achieve its strategic objectives, provided these resources are utilized in a balanced manner and accompanied by economic modernization. The study highlights the importance of improving the professional training system, fostering more effective cooperation between scientific institutions and Russian businesses, and enhancing financial incentives for research in emerging technologies.