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El sistema de tránsito parcial. Un análisis a mediana escala de la eficiencia de la red ferroviaria española en el siglo XIX

Author

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  • Víctor Sanchís-Maldonado

    (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos)

Abstract

A mediados del siglo xix, algunos ingenieros sostuvieron que las líneas ferroviarias no debían limitarse a conectar puntos o mercados importantes, sino también centros intermedios cercanos para atraer más tráfico. Esta visión, conocida como el sistema de tránsito parcial, tuvo una influencia significativa en el diseño de la red ferroviaria española. Este artículo evalúa su eficacia mediante un estudio de caso de la línea Madrid– Irún en 1870, a partir de datos históricos sobre tráfico, población y distancias, así como herramientas de análisis espacial y modelos de gravedad. Los resultados muestran que, en gran parte del recorrido —particularmente en las zonas escasamente pobladas—, los desvíos atrajeron poco tráfico y alargaron los trayectos innecesariamente. Solo en áreas más densamente pobladas, como el País Vasco, los rodeos generaron una demanda significativa. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, aunque el tránsito parcial fue eficaz en países más densamente poblados, pudo haber sido una estrategia inapropiada para buena parte de España. KEY Classification-JEL: N73; L92; R41; C21

Suggested Citation

  • Víctor Sanchís-Maldonado, 2025. "El sistema de tránsito parcial. Un análisis a mediana escala de la eficiencia de la red ferroviaria española en el siglo XIX," Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research (IHE-EHR), Journal of the Spanish Economic History Association, Asociación Española de Historia Económica, vol. 21(03), pages 01-27.
  • Handle: RePEc:ahe:invest:v:21:y:2025:i:03:p:1-27
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33231/j.ihe.2025.03.01
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    JEL classification:

    • N73 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

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