Institutions, State development and Education in Spain during the 19th and early 20th Centuries

This article discusses how the existence of two different institutional systems and their interactions in Spain in the 19th and early-20th centuries can affect education. In the mid-19th century, the foral institutions had a positive effect on education in foral municipalities. However, with the deployment of the Spanish state during the late-19th and early-20th centuries, it can be observed how the conflict between the State and the foral insti-tutions led to better educational results in the municipalities under the common regime. This can be explained by the fact that education was used as a field of dispute in the constant political conflict between foral prov-inces and the State in an attempt to maintain the political and economic privileges granted to them by the fueros. KEY Classification-JEL: N33; N43; O43;