Estrategias de mitigación y sostenibilidad. El caso de las certificaciones en el sector vitivinícola

The agri-food system is one of the most affected by the current climate crisis. All its component sectors are forced to adapt to the new environmental conditions to maintain the production and ensure its continuity in the future. At the same time, they must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement. This challenge is part of the need to align with the new paradigm of sustainable development and contribute to achieving the objectives set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development approved by the United Nations in 2015. This article analyses the response of the international wine sector to the challenge of changing the production model in terms of mitigation and sustainability. To a certain extent, environmental and sustainability certificates are the most important instruments. It is about voluntary commitments by companies to comply with different types of standards. In each country, they have a different origin and evolution, but in their development the important participation of the private sector and the collaboration between entities from different fields is noteworthy. Although the initial differences between them were very marked, there has been a convergence in recent years, particularly in their environmental dimension. However, the capacity of this instrument to integrate a large number of companies and achieve significant results in terms of emissions is uncertain. The methodological complexity of these certificates also shows the difficulty of designing emission reduction policies and turn into the major sustainability objectives approved in 2015 into operational strategies adapted to the implementation possibilities of the different sectors.