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La desigualdad y la pobreza como desafios para el desarrollo territorial rural

Author

Listed:
  • Berdegue, Julio A.
  • Schejtman, Alexander

Abstract

El articulo analiza la evolucion de la pobreza y la desigualdad rurales en America Latina a partir de inicios de la decada de 1980. Los autores concluyen que tras 20 anos de liberalizacion de las economias de la region, el numero de habitantes rurales pobers y el numero de aquellos que no tienen suficientes ingresos siquiera para asegurar su alimentacion basica, han credido ligeralmente. la distribucion de ingresos entre los habitantes rurales sigue siendo extraordinariamente alta en todos los paises de la region. Sin embargo, hay un pequeno grupo de paises (encabezado por Chile y Brasil) que en anos recientes (despues de mediados de la decada de 1990) comenzan a mostrar cambios positivos simultaneos tanto en incidencia de pobreza como en la distribucion del ingreso. El articulo profundiza en la dimension territorial de la desigualdad, analyizando el caso de seis paises de la region. Se concluye que solo una cuarta parte de la poblacion rural de esos pasies vive en regiones que han experimentado un mejoramiento (relativo a la media rural nacional) en ingreso, distribucion de ingreso y pobreza. Las dinamicas de crecimento economico con inclusion social estan sumamente concentradas geograficamente. El articulo plantea que los enfoques territoriales de desarrollo rural pueden contribuir a mejorar las tendencias senaladas, por tres vias: a) estimular los flujos de inversion hacia territorios rurales afectados por la pobreza y la desigualdad; b)"territorializar" dichas inversiones con la finalidad de que respondan a las condiciones locales; y c) modificar los marcos institucionales para constituir actores territoriales y para la inclusion de los sectores pobres y excluidos...The article analyzes the evolution of rural poverty and inequality in Latin America since the early 1980's. The authors conclude that after 20 years of liberalization of the region's economies, the number or rural poor and the number of those whose income is insufficient event o meet their food needs, have risen slightly. The distribution of income among rural people continues to be extremely high in all countries of the region. However, a small group of countries (led by Chile and Brazil) begin to show simultaneous positive changes both in poverty rates and in the distribution of income. The authors discuss the territorial dimension of inequality by looking at six countries. It concludes that only a fourth of the rural population lives in regions that have experienced an improvement (relative to the national average changes) in income, income distribution, and poverty rates. The dynamics of economic growth with social inclusion are very concentrated geographically. The article proposes that territorial approaches to rural development can contribute to improving these trends, in three ways : (a) stimulating investment flows to rural territories afflicted by poverty and inequality; (b) "territorializing" these investments so that they respond to local conditions, and; (c) promoting changes in the institutional frameworks to foster the development of territorial agents and the inclusion of the poor and the socially excluded.

Suggested Citation

  • Berdegue, Julio A. & Schejtman, Alexander, 2008. "La desigualdad y la pobreza como desafios para el desarrollo territorial rural," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 218, pages 1-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:spreea:168095
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.168095
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    JEL classification:

    • D44 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Auctions
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games

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