Effect of Autranella congolensis on Lipid Profile of Rats' Brain with Experimentally Induced Alzheimer's Disease

Lipids are essentials components of the brain. Changes in brain lipid composition affect the physical and functional properties of the neuronal cell membrane and have been implicated in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated in this study the effect of hydroethanolicbark extract of A. Congolensis on lipid profile of rats' brain with experimentally induced AD. The experimental model consisted of female rats, which received orally for 8 consecutive weeks a single dose of 50 mg/Kg b.w./day of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (except control group) followed by distilled water (disease control group) or doses of the extract (150 or 300 mg/Kg b.w./day) or vitamin E (100 mg/Kg b.w./day) or galanthamine (2 mg/Kg b.w. /day). Brain cholesterol, phospholipids and plasmalogenlevels and fluidity were evaluated. Brain membranes ATPase activities, Ca2+, Mg2+and glucose levels were also assayed. Significant modifications of brain lipid composition and fluidity were observed in disease control group compared with control. In addition, Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities significantly decreased, the level of intracellular Ca2+ increased, Mg2+ content decreased and brain glucose level was significantly higher. Standard drugs (vitamin E,galanthamine) showed a negative effect on brain lipid profile. The extract of 150 mg showed significant improvements of brain lipid profile and fluidity. It also indicated improved brain ATPase activities, ions and glucose brain homeostasis. The extract (150 mg/Kg b.w. dose) by maintaining the brain lipid composition may protect neuronal cell membraneand probably preventing the progression of AD.