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Trade at a crossroads: AGOA, U.S. tariffs and the future of Sub-Saharan African economies

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  • Nicholas Biekpe

    (Chartered Institute of Development Finance)

Abstract

For over two decades, the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was a cornerstone of economic relations between the United States and sub-Saharan Africa. Enacted in 2000, AGOA granted duty-free access to the U.S. market for thousands of products from eligible African countries, encouraging exports in textiles, apparel, agriculture, and light manufacturing. But in 2025, AGOA's expiration and the rise of U.S. tariffs have reshaped the trade landscape, with serious economic consequences across the region. AGOA's central achievement was to increase African exports to the United States, build industrial capacity in select countries, and generate employment opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Biekpe, 2026. "Trade at a crossroads: AGOA, U.S. tariffs and the future of Sub-Saharan African economies," Development Finance Agenda, Chartered Institute of Development Finance, vol. 11(1), pages 1-3.
    • Handle: RePEc:afj:journ4:v:11:y:2026:i:1:p:3
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    File URL: https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/ejc-defa_v11_n1_a1
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