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Cross-Gender Social Ties around the World

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Bailey
  • Drew Johnston
  • Theresa Kuchler
  • Ayush Kumar
  • Johannes Stroebel

Abstract

We introduce, describe, and analyze subnational data on cross-gender friendships for nearly 200 countries and territories, using data from 1.38 trillion ties between 1.8 billion Facebook users. Homophily by gender exists nearly everywhere, with individuals' strongest ties exhibiting less homophily than their peripheral connections. Across countries, cross-gender friendship rates align with existing measures of gender disparities. Within a country, higher cross-gender friending rates correlate with greater support for equal treatment of men and women. In the United States, cross-gender friendships are less common in areas with a larger White population share, higher incomes, and more religious congregations per capita.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Bailey & Drew Johnston & Theresa Kuchler & Ayush Kumar & Johannes Stroebel, 2025. "Cross-Gender Social Ties around the World," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 115, pages 132-138, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:115:y:2025:p:132-38
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251032
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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