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Why Are Banks Exposed to Monetary Policy?

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  • Sebastian Di Tella
  • Pablo Kurlat

Abstract

We propose a model of banks' exposure to movements in interest rates and their role in the transmission of monetary shocks. Since bank deposits provide liquidity, higher interest rates allow banks to earn larger spreads on deposits. Therefore, if risk aversion is higher than one, banks' optimal dynamic hedging strategy is to take losses when interest rates rise. This risk exposure can be achieved by a traditional maturity-mismatched balance sheet and amplifies the effects of monetary shocks on the cost of liquidity. The model can match the level, time pattern, and cross-sectional pattern of banks' maturity mismatch.

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  • Sebastian Di Tella & Pablo Kurlat, 2021. "Why Are Banks Exposed to Monetary Policy?," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 295-340, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aejmac:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:295-340
    DOI: 10.1257/mac.20180379
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    2. Perazzi, Elena, 2019. "On the Special Role of Deposits for Long-Term Lending," MPRA Paper 96716, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Anne Duquerroy & Adrien Matray & Farzad Saidi, 2022. "Tracing Banks' Credit Allocation to their Funding Costs," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 150, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    4. Kurlat, Pablo, 2019. "Deposit spreads and the welfare cost of inflation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 78-93.
    5. Rhys Bidder & John Krainer & Adam Shapiro, 2021. "De-leveraging or de-risking? How banks cope with loss," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 39, pages 100-127, January.
    6. Joseph Abadi & Markus Brunnermeier & Yann Koby, 2023. "The Reversal Interest Rate," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(8), pages 2084-2120, August.
    7. Andrea Landi, Alex Sclip, Valeria Venturelli, 2019. "The effect of the Fed zero-lower bound announcementon bank profitability and diversification," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0079, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    8. Valentin Haddad & David Sraer, 2020. "The Banking View of Bond Risk Premia," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(5), pages 2465-2502, October.
    9. Aicha Kharazi, 2022. "Macroeconomic Effects of Collateral Requirements and Financial Shocks," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series BEMPS93, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen.
    10. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2021. "Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1091-1143, June.
    11. Fatih Altunok & Yavuz Arslan & Steven Ongena, 2023. "Monetary Policy Transmission with Adjustable and Fixed Rate Mortgages: The Role of Credit Supply," Working Papers 202305, University of Liverpool, Department of Economics.
    12. Paul, Pascal, 2023. "Banks, maturity transformation, and monetary policy," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    13. Giampaolo Bonomi & Ali Uppal, 2023. "Kites and Quails: Monetary Policy and Communication with Strategic Financial Markets," Papers 2305.08958, arXiv.org.
    14. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Yu, Changhua, 2023. "BigTech credit and monetary policy transmission: Micro-level evidence from China," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2023.
    15. Amina Enkhbold, 2023. "Monetary Policy Transmission, Bank Market Power, and Wholesale Funding Reliance," Staff Working Papers 23-35, Bank of Canada.
    16. Porcellacchia, Davide, 2020. "The tipping point: interest rates and financial stability," Working Paper Series 2447, European Central Bank.
    17. Wang, Olivier, 2020. "Banks, low interest rates, and monetary policy transmission," Working Paper Series 2492, European Central Bank.
    18. Dixit, Shiv & Subramanian, Krishnamurthy, 2020. "Bank Coordination and Monetary Transmission: Evidence from India," MPRA Paper 103169, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2018. "Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk," NBER Working Papers 24582, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Andrés Schneider, 2022. "Risk‐Sharing and the Term Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 2331-2374, August.
    21. Peter Hoffmann & Sam Langfield & Federico Pierobon & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2019. "Who Bears Interest Rate Risk?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(8), pages 2921-2954.
    22. Guillaume Vuillemey, 2019. "Bank Interest Rate Risk Management," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(12), pages 5933-5956, December.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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