Stimulation of University Technological Entrepreneurship: Experience of Portugal and Estonia

An analysis of foreign experience convincingly shows that the level of science intensity of national products is directly related to the country’s position in international rankings of the productivity of university ecosystems. With a share of 0.4% in the global number of start-ups, Russia is inferior not only to developed countries but also to the BRICS countries. As of 2020, only 37 start-ups per million population are being created in the Russian Federation, while Switzerland has 1791. At the same time, in the jurisdiction of Russia, out of the total number founded in 2010–2019 start-ups remained no more than 36%. The strategies allow universities to create successful technological innovation ecosystems in the cultural, economic, and socio-political environment, which cannot be characterized as favorable for academic entrepreneurship. The analysis of factors stimulating the development of start-up ecosystems in Estonia and Portugal, including simplified residency programs for founders of foreign start-ups; ease of registration, business and taxation system; presence in the country of representative offices of large international companies and the creation of technological hubs for them, a developed system of national incubators and accelerators, including those financed by the state; safety, low cost of housing and living and comfortable living environment.