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Design of a Modified Wilkinson Power Divider for Ultra-Wideband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Arrays

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  • Zulfiqar Ali Chachar

    (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan)

Abstract

There are so many factors that contribute to water stress, including poor management of water distribution. These fluctuations are important to be known, as the properties of lake and river shores are significantly affected by the changes in water levels. An automatic water level recorder in this condition is essential for proper distribution of water to the fields, and for researchers to get the data via mobile. A system comprising of an Arduino Nano (open source), water-level sensor (float/magnetic sensor and ultrasonic sensor), and GSM module was proposed in this study to monitor the water level of a water body. The device performed very well in both good network areas, and bad network areas with an R2value of 1.0 for the float sensor, and 0.9996 for the ultrasonic sensor. All the sensors were reliable and accurate, whereas in case of bad network areas the SMS received was delayed at an average of 5.7 minutes. This delay can only cause some issues whenthe data is needed on an immediate basis. The study concluded that the device built is reliable and can be used for the real-time monitoring of water levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Zulfiqar Ali Chachar, 2025. "Design of a Modified Wilkinson Power Divider for Ultra-Wideband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Arrays," International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 50sea, vol. 7(2), pages 675-688, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:abq:ijist1:v:7:y:2025:i:2:p:675-688
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