Assessment of Soil Erosion and Neotectonics Geomorphology of Bannu Basin using RS and GIS Techniques

Soil erosion presents a significant environmental challenge in Bannu District, adversely impacting agricultural productivity and land sustainability. This research article offers a comprehensive approach to assessing and mitigating soil erosion risk in the region by utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model in conjunction with hypsometric analysis. The study integrates various geospatial datasets, including mean annual rainfall, digital elevation models, soil maps, land use/land cover classifications, and satellite imagery. These datasets are essential for mapping the five key factors of the RUSLE model: Rainfall Erosivity (R), Soil Erodibility (K), Slope Length and Steepness (LS), Land Cover Management (C), and Support Practice (P). By mapping each factor individually and then integrating them, the study estimates soil erosion rates in Bannu District. Soil erosion risk is categorized into five levels, ranging from very low to excessive, to facilitate practical assessment. This classification assists in identifying areas that require immediate attention and intervention for sustainable land management and agricultural practices. The study highlights the benefits of combining Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies with the RUSLE model. This integration enables policymakers and land managers to evaluate and address soil erosion issues on a broader scale. Additionally, the study examines the role of hypsometry in understanding topography and erosion dynamics, incorporating topographic elements into the RUSLE model to explain soil erosion trends in Bannu District. Overall, this article provides a scientifically rigorous and practical soil erosion risk assessment for Bannu District. By leveraging the RUSLE model and GIS data with hypsometric analysis, the study offers valuable insights for addressing soil erosion and promoting sustainable land use in the region. The findings are intended to assist policymakers and stakeholders in safeguarding agricultural productivity and enhancing land sustainability in Bannu District.