Algorithm-Driven Optimization of ZnCo₂O₄@CuO Core-Shell Architectures for High-Performance Supercapacitors

This study investigates the electrochemical performance of ZnCo₂O₄@CuO core-shell nanostructures as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. ZnCo₂O₄, a spinel metal oxide, offers high theoretical capacitance and environmental compatibility but suffers from low electrical conductivity and structural instability. To address these limitations, we examined the synergistic response of zinc cobaltite for varying ratios of copper oxide shell. We synthesized ZnCo₂O₄@CuO composites using a facile hydrothermal method, leveraging CuO's excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability to enhance the core material's properties. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the formation of a hierarchical core-shell structure with improved surface area and uniform elemental distribution. Electrochemical testing revealed that ZnCo₂O₄@CuO(0.25)electrodes exhibited significantly enhanced specific capacitance (925F g⁻¹at 1 A g-1), superior rate capability, and excellent cycling stability, retaining ~90.2% of their initial capacitance after 4000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled with these electrodes delivered a maximum energy density of 20.55Wh kg⁻¹and a power density of 194.436W kg⁻¹. These findings demonstrate the potential of ZnCo₂O₄@CuO(0.25)core-shell nanostructures as high-performance, durable, and cost-effective materials for next-generation energy storage applications.