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Economic and Shariah Considerations in Debt Financing التمويل بالمُداينات: اعتبارات شرعية واقتصادية

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  • Abdulazeem Abozaid

    (Professor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation)

Abstract

This paper includes suggestions for minor amendments to the Zarqa’s paper, and for legal and economic analyzes of the reality of debt financing in financial institutions; regardless of their identity (i.e., Islamic, or conventional). After presenting these detailed comments on Zarqa’s research, the paper begins by answering questions raised by the journal's editorial board. Through the answers, the paper compares normal deferred payment sales, i.e., those that take place outside the spectrum of financial institutions, with usury-based financing. It then compares debt financing (via financial intermediation) in Islamic financial institutions and usury-based financing. The paper shows that direct deferred payment sale differs in substance and effect from usury-based financing, while debt-based financing through financial intermediation, i.e., through Islamic financial institutions, leads to the same consequences as interest-based institutions in terms of the creation of excessive debts and its concentration in certain institutions, which makes these financial institutions susceptible to financial crises that can affect individuals, institutions and the overall economy. Thereafter, the paper examines the possibility of developing a practical financing structure that avoids the adverse effects of debt-based financing and distinguishes Islamic financing, in its essence and effects, from conventional financing. This structure can be found in the mode of diminishing Mushārakah, as this method of financing is supposed not to lead to the creation of debt. This paper, however, suggests significant modifications to this formula to ensure that it does not contribute to the creation of debt. The paper then concludes by outlining some challenges that may face the implementation proposed structure and highlighting ways to address them. تشتمل هذه الورقة على اقتراحات لتعديلات طفيفة على ورقة الزرقا، وعلى تحليلات شرعية واقتصادية لواقع التمويل بالمُداينات في المؤسسات المالية؛ بصرف النظر عن هويتها. وبعد إيراد التعليقات الجزئية على ورقة الزرقا، تنطلق هذه الورقة للإجابة عن التساؤلات التي أثارتها هيئة تحرير المجلة للمقارنة بين المداينة بالبيع دون الوساطة المالية؛ وبين المداينة الربوية، ثم المقارنة بين المداينة بالبيع مع الوساطة المالية؛ وبين المداينة الربوية. فتظهر الورقة أن المداينة بالبيع تختلف جوهرًا وأثرًا عن المداينة الربوية. أما المداينة بالبيع عبر الوساطة المالية - أي عبر المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية - فتلتقي مع المُداينات الربوية في الأثر من حيث خلق الديون الكثيرة، وتركيزها في مؤسسات محدودة، مما يجعل هذه المؤسسات المالية عرضةً للتسبب بإحداث الأزمات المالية التي تطال الأفراد والمؤسسات والاقتصاد كما أثبتت الوقائع. تنتقل الورقة للنظر في إمكان تطوير هيكلة تمويلية عملية تتجنب الآثار السلبية للتمويل بالمُداينات؛ وتميز التمويل الإسلامي حقيقة عن التمويل الربوي، فترى هذه الهيكلة ممكنة في صيغة التمويل بالمشاركة المتناقصة، لأنها الصيغة التمويلية التي لا تؤدي إلى خلق الديون، ولكن بعد تعديلات معتبرة على هذه الصيغة تخلّصها من صبغة التمويل بالمداينة. ثم تختم الورقة بعرض بعض التحديات التي قد تواجه الهيكلة المقترحة وبيان سبل مواجهتها.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulazeem Abozaid, 2022. "Economic and Shariah Considerations in Debt Financing التمويل بالمُداينات: اعتبارات شرعية واقتصادية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 35(3), pages 113-125, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:35:y:2022:i:3:no:8:p:113-125
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.35-3.8
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Islamic Finance; debt-based financing; financial intermediation; debt creation; diminishing Musharaka. التمويل الإسلامي، التمويل بالمداينة، الوساطة المالية، خلق الديون، المشاركة المتناقصة.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G29 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Other
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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