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Zur Reform der Einlagensicherung: Elemente einer anreizkompatiblen Europäischen Rückversicherung

Author

Listed:
  • Adam, Klaus
  • Büttner, Thiess
  • Hennrichs, Joachim
  • Krahnen, Jan Pieter
  • Rocholl, Jörg

Abstract

Bankeinlagen bis 100.000 Euro sind de jure überall im Euroraum gleichermaßen vor Verlusten geschützt. De facto hängt der Wert dieser gesetzlichen Haftungszusage unter anderem von der Ausstattung des nationalen Sicherungsfonds und der relativen Größe des Bankensektors in einer Volkswirtschaft ab. Um die Homogenität des Einlagenschutzes zu gewährleisten und die Bankenunion zu vollenden, bedarf es einer einheitlichen europäischen Einlagensicherung. Die bestehende implizite Risikoteilung im Euroraum ist ordnungspolitisch nicht wünschenswert. Ferner kann eine explizite und glaubwürdige Zweitsicherung Fehlanreize zur Übernahme exzessiver Risiken verhindern, bevor es zum Schadensfall kommt. Daher plädiert dieser Beitrag für ein zweistufiges, streng subsidiär organisiertes Rückversicherungsmodell: Nationale Erstversicherungen würden einen festgeschriebenen Teil, die europäische Rückversicherung nachrangig den Rest der Deckungssumme besichern. Die Rückversicherung gewährt diese Liquiditätshilfen in Form von Kassenkrediten. Weil die Haftung auf nationaler Ebene verbleibt, werden Risiken geteilt aber nicht vergemeinschaftet. Marktgerechte Prämien müssen nicht nur das individuelle Risikogewicht einer Bank sondern auch länderspezifische Risikofaktoren berücksichtigen. Zuletzt braucht der Rückversicherer umfangreiche Aufsichtsrechte, um die Zahlungsfähigkeit der Erstversicherer mit Hinblick auf die nationalen Haftungspflichten jederzeit sicherzustellen.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam, Klaus & Büttner, Thiess & Hennrichs, Joachim & Krahnen, Jan Pieter & Rocholl, Jörg, 2020. "Zur Reform der Einlagensicherung: Elemente einer anreizkompatiblen Europäischen Rückversicherung," SAFE White Paper Series 66, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:safewh:66
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Einlagensicherung; EDIS; Bankenunion;
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