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Europa zwischen Globalisierung und Renationalisierung

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  • Aiginger, Karl

Abstract

Der Widerstand gegen die Globalisierung in den Industriestaaten wächst, populistische Bewegungen in Europa und den USA gewinnen an Bedeutung wobei rechte, linke und wachstumskritische Bewegungen mit unterschiedlichen Motiven eine Renationalisierung der Politik unterstützen. Die ökonomische Theorie betont die Vorteile der Globalisierung, durch verstärkte Arbeitsteilung, bessere Nutzung der Ressourcen und raschere Dissemination von Wissen und Technologien. Sie betont aber auch dass es Verlierer des Prozesses gibt, wenn Ungleichheiten und Ungleichgewichte sich verschärfen und Globalisierung wirtschaftspolitisch begleitet werden muss. Dieser Artikel untersucht ob die Vorteile aber auch die Ungleichgewichte in der letzten Globalisierungsphase eingetreten. Er berichtet über die fehlende politischen Begleitung, die zunehmende Globalisierungskritik in den Industrieländern und die Forderung nach Renationalisierung der Politik. Die falsche Verherrlichung der Vergangenheit und egoistischen Reaktionen verschärfen allerdings die Probleme und gefährden die Wohlfahrt. Kriterien einer verantwortungsbewussten Globalisierung werden entwickelt. Globale Herausforderungen verlangen internationale Regeln, sie dürfen jedoch nicht in zentralistische Maßnahmen münden die als Fremdbestimmung empfunden werden. Europäische Ziele und Rahmenbedingungen sollen so gewählt werden, dass sie den nationalen Spielraum erweitern und Bottom-Up-Initiativen fördern. Dieser "Empowermentansatz" sollte in die strategische Neuausrichtung Europas einfließen und könnte den Beginn einer europäischen Globalisierungsstrategie darstellen, die Standards nach oben angleicht und die bisherigen Verlierer befähigt, an den Vorteilen der Globalisierung teilzuhaben.

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  • Aiginger, Karl, 2017. "Europa zwischen Globalisierung und Renationalisierung," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 252, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
  • Handle: RePEc:wiw:wus005:5682
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    1. Aiginger, Karl & Handler, Heinz, 2017. "Europe taking the lead in responsible globalisation," Economics Discussion Papers 2017-42, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Globalisierungsfolgen; wohlfahrtsorientiere Globalisierung; Empowermentstrategie;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F42 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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