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Integration unter Ungleichen. Länder- und schichtenspezifische Einstellungen zur EU und ihren Zielen

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  • Gunther Tichy

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Der Prozess der europäischen Integration ist nach einer Periode erheblicher Erfolge ins Stocken geraten. Nicht nur die Finalität der EU ist umstritten, auch die Einigung auf kleinere Reformen oder einzelne Verordnungen fällt zunehmend schwer. Manches ist auf die Verunsicherung durch die rasche Aufeinanderfolge von exogenen Krisen zu erklären; die neuere Integrationstheorie führt die Probleme jedoch zunehmend auf die Schwierigkeiten einer "integration among unequals" zurück: Die Heterogenität der EU reiche über die Unterschiede in Geographie und Wirtschaftsstruktur im engeren Sinn hinaus; die Mitgliedsländer unterschieden sich durch ihre Wirtschaftsmodelle, durch unterschiedliche Formen des "welfare capitalism", durch unterschiedliche Wachstumstreiber, Sozialpartnerbeziehungen und Formen der Unternehmensführung. Anhand der Umfragen des Eurobarometer lässt sich zeigen, dass die Heterogenität noch weit darüber hinausgeht: Die Bevölkerung der einzelnen Länder hat unterschiedliche Wertehierarchien und Problemsichten, und unterschiedliche Bevölkerungsschichten fühlen sich von Globalisierung und Integration unterschiedlich betroffen. Es zeigt sich nicht nur ein ausgeprägtes Nordwest-Südost-Gefälle, sondern auch ein sozioprofessionelles wie ein soziologisches Gefälle: Die akademisch gebildete Gruppe steht der EU positiv gegenüber, Arbeitslose und Personen mit Finanzproblemen distanziert. Die fortlaufenden Querelen der Regierungen, bis zu bewussten Regelverstößen und Austrittsdrohungen, dürften demzufolge weniger deren Machtpolitik und Profilierungssucht zur Ursache haben als vielmehr die unterschiedlichen Werthaltungen, Probleme und Prioritäten der Bevölkerung.

Suggested Citation

  • Gunther Tichy, 2020. "Integration unter Ungleichen. Länder- und schichtenspezifische Einstellungen zur EU und ihren Zielen," WIFO Working Papers 610, WIFO.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2020:i:610
    Note: With English abstract.
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    File URL: https://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/66406
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gunther Tichy, 2021. "Polarisierung der Gesellschaft in Österreich?," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 47(1), pages 41-61.

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