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Early Childhood Development and Skills Across the Life-Course Through the Lens of the Developing Brain

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  • Dorota Chapko

Abstract

Human development and development are inseparable, and now new evidence emerges that brain development is the key driving mechanism behind this association. The foundations of brain architecture are established early in life. Critical aspects of its structure begin to be shaped by experience before and soon after birth. The current report discusses brain development from a life-course perspective with a particular emphasis on early childhood development (ECD), skills formation, resilience, and aging. There is mounting evidence that early and sustained investments in brain development have economic and social returns that can benefit current and future generations. This paper synthesizes knowledge across multiple disciplines and is weighted towards findings from brain sciences to encourage a new perspective on human development initiatives among policy makers and international development practitioners. The report discusses the role of social policies in shaping brain function and structure. The policy-relevant findings from brain sciences research can greatly enhance the ability to carry out cost-effective policies that foster human development over the life-course, eliminate extreme poverty, and improve shared prosperity.

Suggested Citation

  • Dorota Chapko, 2015. "Early Childhood Development and Skills Across the Life-Course Through the Lens of the Developing Brain," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 105199, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:hnpdps:105199
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2013. "The World Bank Annual Report 2013," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 16091, December.
    2. Sophie Naudeau & Naoko Kataoka & Alexandria Valerio & Michelle J. Neuman & Leslie Kennedy Elder, 2011. "Investing in Young Children : An Early Childhood Development Guide for Policy Dialogue and Project Preparation [Investir dans la petite enfance : Un guide de développement de la petite enfance pour," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2525, December.
    3. Jo Boyden & Stefan Dercon & Abhijeet Singh, 2015. "Child Development in a Changing World: Risks and Opportunities," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 193-219.
    4. Marcus Richards & Stephani L. Hatch, 2011. "A Life Course Approach to the Development of Mental Skills," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 66(suppl_1), pages 26-35.
    5. Ross Andel & Michael Crowe & Ingemar Kåreholt & Jonas Wastesson & Marti G. Parker, 2011. "Indicators of Job Strain at Midlife and Cognitive Functioning in Advanced Old Age," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 66(3), pages 287-291.
    6. World Bank, 2015. "The World Bank Annual Report 2015," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 22550, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Balsa, 2016. "Peer effects vs. parental influence in the development of capabilities in adolescence," Documentos de Trabajo/Working Papers 1609, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales y Economia. Universidad de Montevideo..
    2. Ana Balsa & Néstor Gandelman & Flavia Roldán, 2017. "Peer and parental influence in the development of cognitive skills and predispostion to risky behaviour," Documentos de Trabajo/Working Papers 1701, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales y Economia. Universidad de Montevideo..
    3. Balsa, Ana & Gandelman, Néstor & Roldán, Flavia, 2018. "Peer and parental influence in academic performance and alcohol use," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 41-55.

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    Keywords

    skills; birth; residential care; caregivers; risks; personality disorders; treatment; genes; diagnosis; personality; people; stroke; vitamins; psychology; prevention; ... See More + calories; disease burden; brain; community health; pediatrics; health care; death; prevalence; homeostasis; aging populations; effects; puberty; sleep; cognitive disorders; health; depression; holistic approach; touch; syndrome; attribution; public health; knowledge; neurology; diabetes; mri; pain; life events; diseases; life; patients; social exclusion; dna; intervention; physiology; birth weight; negative effects; ability; aging; child development; observation; violence; individual characteristics; child abuse; metabolism; dementia; central nervous system; pollution; hormones; mental health; nutritional status; environmental influences; diet; psychiatry; magnetic resonance imaging; workers; aged; adolescence; audition; fetus; age; lifestyle; childhood; medicine; health outcomes; parenting; hygiene; nervous system; nutrition education; electrophysiology; stress; early childhood; decision making; cohort studies; malnutrition; measurement; nutrition; clinical medicine; psychosomatic medicine; adolescents; early years; abnormalities; elderly people; cognitive processes; internet; risk factors; weight; pregnant women; maternal health; pathology; cardiovascular diseases; obesity; children; exercise; disease; endocrine system; impairments; experience; infections; all; rehabilitation; institutionalization; vision; early detection; neurotransmitters; cognitive functions; starvation; gerontology; strategy; epidemiology; families; adrenal glands; implementation; mental; pregnancy; human development; storage;
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