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Analisis Pola Perdagangan Indonesia Dengan Beberapa Negara Asia : Pendekatan Intra-Industry Trade (Iit)
[The Analysis Of Indonesia'S Trade Pattern With Some Asia Countries: Intra-Industry Trade (Iit) Approach]

Author

Listed:
  • Nizar, Muhammad Afdi
  • Wibowo, Heru

Abstract

Perdagangan intra-industri (intra-industry trade, IIT) adalah perdagangan internasional untuk produk-produk yang dihasilkan oleh sektor yang sama. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, IIT mendapatkan porsi perhatian yang cukup besar dari para ekonom dunia. Sejumlah studi empiris telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui manfaat serta faktor-faktor penentu perdagangan intra-industri. Hanya saja penelitian yang dilakukan lebih dititikberatkan pada hubungan dagang antar negara-negara industri dan masih sedikit diantara studi itu yang dilakukan dengan kasus negara-negara berkembang, termasuk perdagangan antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara mitra dagangnya. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisa pola perdagangan Indonesia dengan sejumlah negara mitra dagang di kawasan Asia dalam periode 1992 – 2005. Hasil analisis baik dengan menggunakan pendekatan statis, yaitu Grubel-Lyod Index (Indeks GL) maupun pendekatan dinamis, yaitu indikator Brülhart (marginal intra-industry trade, MIIT dan Performance Sectoral Index) menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode studi terjadi perubahan pola perdagangan Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisa statis yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan dari tahun ke tahun terjadi peningkatan perdagangan intra-industri antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara mitra dagang di kawasan Asia. Artinya, dalam periode studi telah terjadi peningkatan dalam ekspor dan impor antara produk untuk barang-barang atau komoditi dengan klasifikasi industri yang sama. Hal ini terutama terjadi untuk produk-produk manufaktur (SITC 5-8). Selain itu juga diperoleh hasil dari analisa statis bahwa dalam periode studi telah terjadi peningkatan perdagangan intra-industri antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara mitra dagang Asia seperti Malaysia, Singapura, dan Thailand, China, dan Australia. Sementara itu, hasil analisa dinamis dengan menggunakan indeks perdagangan intra-industri marjinal menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode studi, perdagangan intra-industri antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara mitra di kawasan Asia semakin pesat. Disamping itu, hasil analisa tersebut juga menunjukkan semakin terintegrasinya Indonesia dengan negara-negara di kawasan ASEAN. Indeks kinerja sektoral menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perdagangan intra-industri semakin berkembang, namun perdagangan antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara mitra dagang di kawasan Asia masih didominasi oleh tipe perdagangan inter-industri. Artinya, keunggulan komparatif masih berperan penting dalam perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Analisa sektoral juga menunjukkan bahwa industri dalam negeri masih memerlukan pembenahan mengingat kinerja mereka masih kalah dibandingkan dengan sektor sejenis di negara-negara di kawasan Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • Nizar, Muhammad Afdi & Wibowo, Heru, 2007. "Analisis Pola Perdagangan Indonesia Dengan Beberapa Negara Asia : Pendekatan Intra-Industry Trade (Iit) [The Analysis Of Indonesia'S Trade Pattern With Some Asia Countries: Intra-Industry Trade (Ii," MPRA Paper 66323, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:66323
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    trade balance; value added; comparative advantage; endowment factor; inter-industry trade; intra-industry trade; economic of scale; integrasi ekonomi; Grubel-Lloyd Index; marginal intra-industry trade; Performance Sectoral Index.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

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