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Financial Sector Reform in India: Time for a Second Wave?

Author

Listed:
  • Richard Herd

    (OECD)

  • Vincent Koen

    (OECD)

  • Ila Patnaik

    (OECD)

  • Ajay Shah

    (OECD)

Abstract

The Indian financial system has changed considerably since the 1990s. Interest rates have been deregulated and new entrants allowed in the banking and the securities business. The Indian equity market has become world-class. New private banks have emerged that are more customer-oriented than the older state-owned banks. Meanwhile, the scale of saving within the economy has expanded considerably, much as in East Asian economies during their high-growth period. This adds to the need for further financial-sector reform. In particular, banks need much greater freedom in asset allocation. While public-sector banks did appear sounder to the public during the 2007/08 crisis due to implicit government backing, they ought to be privatised to improve their governance and minimise the recurrent need for recapitalisation. The remaining obstacles to new entry have to be reduced. Financial inclusion is an important priority and restrictions on microfinance should be avoided. The regulatory and legal framework also needs to be overhauled, consolidating the diverse legislation. While such reforms would improve financial sector efficiency they would also likely have positive spillover effects on the rest of the economy and help sustain rapid growth. This Working Paper relates to the 2011 OECD Economic Survey of India (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/india) Le système financier indien : l'heure d'une deuxième vague de réformes a-t-elle sonné ? Le système financier indien a considérablement changé depuis les années 90. Les taux d'intérêt ont été déréglementés et de nouveaux acteurs ont été autorisés dans le secteur bancaire et celui des opérations de marché et de titres. Le marché d'actions indien est de classe internationale. De nouvelles banques privées sont apparues, plus axées sur la satisfaction du client que les banques publiques plus anciennes. Par ailleurs, l'épargne intérieure a connu une expansion considérable, très similaire à celle qu'avaient connue les économies d'Asie de l'Est pendant leur période de forte croissance. Cela renforce la nécessité de nouvelles réformes du secteur financier. Les banques doivent notamment disposer d'une latitude nettement plus grande en matière de répartition de leurs actifs. Si les banques du secteur public ont paru plus solides au public lors de la crise de 2007/08, en raison de la garantie implicite de l'État dont elles bénéficiaient, il convient de les privatiser afin d'améliorer leur gouvernance et de minimiser la nécessité récurrente de les recapitaliser. Les obstacles à l'entrée de nouveaux acteurs qui subsistent doivent être réduits. L'inclusion financière revêt une importance prioritaire et les restrictions relatives à la microfinance devraient être évitées. Il est également nécessaire de remettre à plat le cadre législatif et réglementaire, en consolidant les différentes dispositions juridiques en vigueur. De telles réformes permettraient des gains d'efficience dans le secteur financier et auraient sans doute des effets d'entraînement positifs sur le reste de l'économie, contribuant ainsi à entretenir une croissance rapide.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Herd & Vincent Koen & Ila Patnaik & Ajay Shah, 2011. "Financial Sector Reform in India: Time for a Second Wave?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 879, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:879-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg8ghvzr2jk-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sina Ehsani & Lalatendu Misra, 2013. "Substitution between Debt and Trade Credit in the Capital Structure Decision of Indian Firms," Working Papers 0223fin, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    2. Laura Jaramillo & Ms. Yuanyan S Zhang, 2013. "Real Money Investors and Sovereign Bond Yields," IMF Working Papers 2013/254, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Patnaik, Ila & Pandey, Radhika, 2019. "Savings and capital formation in India," Working Papers 19/271, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    4. Mostak Ahamed, M., 2017. "Asset quality, non-interest income, and bank profitability: Evidence from Indian banks," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-14.
    5. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa & Nangia, Vinay Kumar & Agrawal, Rajat, 2013. "Indian economic-policy reforms, bank mergers, and lawful proposals: The ex-ante and ex-post ‘lookup’," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 601-622.
    6. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa, 2015. "Macroeconomic Change, and Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions: The Indian Experience, 1991-2010," MPRA Paper 63562, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    7. Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2015. "Efficiency dynamics in Indian banking: A conditional directional distance approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(3), pages 807-818.
    8. Fujii, Hidemichi & Managi, Shunsuke & Matousek, Roman, 2014. "Indian bank efficiency and productivity changes with undesirable outputs: A disaggregated approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 41-50.
    9. Shrimali, Gireesh & Nelson, David & Goel, Shobhit & Konda, Charith & Kumar, Raj, 2013. "Renewable deployment in India: Financing costs and implications for policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 28-43.
    10. Kar, Sanjay Kumar & Sharma, Atul & Roy, Biswajit, 2016. "Solar energy market developments in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 121-133.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    bank privatisation; bank recapitalisation; banques du secteur public; banques privées; financial inclusion; financial regulation; financial sector reform; inclusion financière; Inde; India; interest rates; microfinance; private banks; privatisations bancaires; public-sector banks; recapitalisations bancaires; réformes du secteur financier; régulation financière; taux d’intérêt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
    • N20 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • Q14 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Finance

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