Household incomes in New Zealand: The impact of the market, taxes and government spending, 1987/88

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Household incomes in New Zealand: The impact of the market, taxes and government spending, 1987/88–1997/98

Author Info

Ron Crawford
Grant Johnston () (New Zealand Treasury)

Abstract

How well have New Zealand households fared over a decade of extensive economic and social changes? This study compares household incomes in 1997/98 with household incomes in 1987/88, using the concept of "final income". Final income is a measure of the income accruing to households after adjusting for payments to, and benefits from, central government, whether these benefits are in cash or in kind. In particular, receipt of government health and education services is counted as adding to a household’s income, and payment of consumption taxes is counted as taking away from a household’s income. In all income deciles, the real final incomes of households were, on average, at least the same in 1997/98 as they were in 1987/88, and in most cases had increased. Government intervention, through taxes, cash benefits and social services, has maintained the incomes of less well-off households over a period of upheaval in New Zealand.

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Paper provided by New Zealand Treasury in its series Treasury Working Paper Series with number 04/20.

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Length: 66 pages
Date of creation: Sep 2004
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:nzt:nztwps:04/20

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence
I0 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - General
J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

NEP-ALL-2004-10-18 (All new papers)

References listed on IDEAS
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Ruggles, Patricia & O'Higgins, Michael, 1981. "The Distribution of Public Expenditure among Households in the United States," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 27(2), pages 137-64, June.
O'Higgins, Michael & Schmaus, Guenther & Stephenson, Geoffrey, 1989. "Income Distribution and Redistribution: A Microdata Analysis for Seven Countries," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(2), pages 107-31, June.
Podder, Nripesh & Chatterjee, Srikanta, 2002. "Sharing the national cake in post reform New Zealand: income inequality trends in terms of income sources," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 1-27, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
O'Higgins, Michael & Ruggles, Patricia, 1981. "The Distribution of Public Expenditures and Taxes among Households in the United Kingdom," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 27(3), pages 298-326, September.
Danziger, Sheldon & Taussig, Michael K, 1979. "The Income Unit and the Anatomy of Income Distribution," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 25(4), pages 365-75, December.
Radner, Daniel B, 1997. "Noncash Income, Equivalence Scales, and the Measurement of Economic Well-Being," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(1), pages 71-88, March.
Des O'Dea, 2000. "The Changes in New Zealand's Income Distribution," Treasury Working Paper Series 00/13, New Zealand Treasury. [Downloadable!]

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