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Health and Retirement: Do Changes in Health Affect Retirement Expectations?

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Author Info
Kathleen McGarry
Abstract

The choice of a retirement date is one of the most important decisions facing older workers. It is a decision that will affect their economic well-being for the remainder of their lives. One of the factors that undoubtedly impacts this choice is the worker's health. However, the many studies examining the realtionship between health and retirement have failed to reach agreement on the relative importance of health in comparison to financial variables. Efforts to do so have been hampered by the difficulty of correctly measuring health status. Much of the concern centers on the fear that subjective reports of health are biased by individuals using poor health as a justification for early retirement. This paper takes advantage of a unique measure of labor force attachment, the subjective probability of continued work, to re-examine the role of health and changes in health status By focusing exclusively on workers I eliminate the concern about justification bias among retired individuals and find that subjective reports of health do have important effects on retirement, effects that are arguably stronger than those of the financial variables. The effects of subjective health remain large even when more objective measures of health, such as disease conditions, are included in the model. I also find that changes in retirement expectations are driven to a much greater degree by changes in health than by changes in income or wealth.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 9317.

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Date of creation: Nov 2002
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:9317

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health

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  1. Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Steven Stillman, 2006. "The Retirement Expectations of Middle-Aged Individuals," IZA Discussion Papers 2449, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Dwayne Benjamin & Loren Brandt & Jia-Zhueng Fan, 2003. "Ceaseless Toil? Health and Labor Supply of the Elderly in Rural China," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-579, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Matthias Deschryvere, 2004. "Health and Retirement. An Update of the Literature," Discussion Papers 932, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  4. Gisela Hostenkamp & Michael Stolpe, 2006. "The Health Gradient and Early Retirement: Evidence from the German Socio-economic Panel," Kiel Working Papers 1305, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. [Downloadable!]
  5. Iskhakov, Fedor, 2008. "Dynamic Programming Model of Health and Retirement," Memorandum 03/2008, Oslo University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  6. Jeff Borland, 2005. "Transitions to Retirement: A Review," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2005n03, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
  7. Brent Kreider & John V. Pepper, 2002. "Disability and Employment: Reevaluating the Evidence in Light of Reporting Errors," Working Papers, Center for Retirement Research at Boston College 2002-06, Center for Retirement Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Au, Doreen & Crossley, Thomas F. & Schellhorn, Martin, 2004. "The Effect of Health Changes and Long-Term Health on the Work Activity of Older Canadians," IZA Discussion Papers 1281, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2004. "Subjective Outcomes in Economics," NBER Working Papers 10361, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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