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Risky Behavior Among Youths: An Economic Analysis

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Author Info
Jonathan Gruber

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Abstract

There are a host of potentially risky behaviors in which youth engage, which have important implications for both their well being as youth and their life prospects. The past decade has seen dramatic shifts in the intensity with which youths pursue these risky activities: for example, youth homicide fell by 40%; teen births decline by 20%; youth smoking rose by 33%; and marijuana use among youth virtually doubled. This paper, and the volume it introduces, explores the determinants and implications of risky behaviors by youths. I begin by reviewing perspectives on youth risk-taking from traditional rational-choice economics, developmental psychology, and behavioral economics. I then discuss both cross-sectional and time series evidence on risk-taking by youths, and how this compares to adults. I review the evidence on youth risk taking from the studies in this volume, and highlight the conclusions that (a) economic incentives and macroeconomic conditions are powerful predictors of risk taking by youths, (b) despite this, these factors are not very successful in predicting the dramatic time series swings we see in youth risk taking, and (c) risk taking by youths appears to have important implications for risky behaviors later in life. I also comment on the implications of these findings for policy, and for future economic research.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 7781.

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Date of creation: Jul 2000
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7781

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D80 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - General
I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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  1. Jonathan Gruber, 2001. "Youth Smoking in the 1990's: Why Did It Rise and What Are the Long-Run Implications?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 85-90, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. David Figlio & Jens Ludwig, 2000. "Sex, Drugs, and Catholic Schools: Private Schooling and Non-Market Adolescent Behaviors," NBER Working Papers 7990, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Gordon B. Dahl, 2005. "Early Teen Marriage and Future Poverty," NBER Working Papers 11328, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Guyonne Kalb & Jenny Williams, 2003. "Delinquency and gender," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 10(7), pages 425-429, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Timothy J. Halliday & Sally Kwak, 2007. "Bad Apples, Goody Two Shoes and Average Joes: The Role of Peer Group Definitions in Estimation of Peer Effects," Working Papers 200730, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  6. Alison Aughinbaugh & Maury Gittleman, 2003. "Maternal Employment and Adolescent Risky Behavior," Labor and Demography 0302002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Gary S. Becker & Kevin M. Murphy & Michael Grossman, 2004. "The Economic Theory of Illegal Goods: The Case of Drugs," NBER Working Papers 10976, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Pinka Chatterji & Dhaval Dave & Robert Kaestner & Sara Markowitz, 2003. "Alcohol Abuse and Suicide Attempts Among Youth - Correlation or Causation?," NBER Working Papers 9638, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Christian Bantle & John P. Haisken-DeNew, 2002. "Smoke Signals: The Intergenerational Transmission of Smoking Behavior," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 277, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  10. Ours, Jan C. van & Williams, Jenny, 2005. "Cannabis proces and dynamics of cannabis use," Discussion Paper 52, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Antoni Bosch-Domènech & Joaquim Silvestre, 2003. "Do the Wealthy Risk More Money? An Experimental Comparison," Economics Working Papers 692, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jan 2005. [Downloadable!]
  12. Joshua D. Angrist & Victor Lavy, 2002. "The Effect of High School Matriculation Awards: Evidence from Randomized Trials," NBER Working Papers 9389, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  13. Richard M. Bird & Sally Wallace, 2003. "Taxing Alcohol in Africa: Reflections from International Experience," International Tax Program Papers 0304, International Tax Program, Institute for International Business, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, revised Nov 2003. [Downloadable!]
  14. Philip J. Cook & Jens Ludwig, 2002. "The Effects of Gun Prevalence on Burglary: Deterrence vs Inducement," NBER Working Papers 8926, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Kerwin Kofi Charles & Melvin Stephens Jr., 2002. "Abortion Legalization and Adolescent Substance Use," NBER Working Papers 9193, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Lingxin Hao & V. Joseph Hotz & Ginger Z. Jin, 2005. "Games Parents and Adolescents Play: Risky Behaviors, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers," NBER Working Papers 11872, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Philip J. Cook & John H. Laub, 2001. "After the Epidemic: Recent Trends in Youth Violence in the United States," NBER Working Papers 8571, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Douglas E. Levy & Ellen Meara, 2005. "The Effect of the 1998 Master Settlement on Prenatal Smoking," NBER Working Papers 11176, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Heineck, Guido & Schwarze, Johannes, 2003. "Substance Use and Earnings: The Case of Smokers in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 743, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  20. Angrist, Joshua D. & Lavy, Victor, 2004. "The Effect of High Stakes High School Achievement Awards: Evidence from a School-Centered Randomized Trial," IZA Discussion Papers 1146, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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