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Trade and Transmission of Technology

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Author Info
Wolfgang Keller

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Abstract

We present a model of R&D-driven growth which predicts that technology, in the form of product designs and created through R&D investments, is transmitted to other domestic and foreign sectors by being embodied in differentiated intermediate goods. Empirical results are presented employing data from thirteen manufacturing industries in eight OECD countries over the period of 1970 to 1991. We confirm, first, earlier findings that R&D expenditures are positively related to productivity levels, and estimate an elasticity of TFP with respect to own-industry R&D between 7% and 17%. Second, the receiving industry benefits also from other industries' technology investments, an effect which is at least in part due to trade in embodied technology. We find that the benefit derived from foreign R&D in the same industry is in the order of 50%-95% of the productivity effect of own R&D. Third, for domestic interindustry technology flows, the results strongly suggest that trade in goods is not all that matters for technology transmission. We estimate that domestic, outside-industry R&D is one-fifth to one-half as effective in raising" productivity as own-industry R&D for these industries.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 6113.

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Date of creation: Jul 1997
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:6113

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
O3 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change
O4 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Park, Walter G, 1995. "International R&D Spillovers and OECD Economic Growth," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 33(4), pages 571-91, October.
  2. Luis A. Rivera-Batiz & Paul M. Romer, 1990. "Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Papers 3528, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Coe, David T & Helpman, Elhanan & Hoffmaister, Alexander, 1995. "North-South R&D Spillovers," CEPR Discussion Papers 1133, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Ariel Pakes & Mark Schankerman, 1979. "The Rate of Obsolescence Of Knowledge, Research Gestation Lags, and the Private Rate of Return to Research Resources," NBER Working Papers 0346, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Wolff, Edward N. & Ishaq Nadiri, M., 1993. "Spillover effects, linkage structure, and research and development," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 315-331, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Griliches, Zvi, 1992. " The Search for R&D Spillovers," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 94(0), pages S29-47, Supplemen.
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  7. Coe, David T. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1995. "International R&D spillovers," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 859-887, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Griliches, Zvi & Lichtenberg, Frank, 1984. "Interindustry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth: A Re-examination," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 66(2), pages 324-29, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Zvi Griliches, 1979. "Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 10(1), pages 92-116, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Zvi Griliches & Frank R. Lichtenberg, 1984. "R&D and Productivity Growth at the Industry Level: Is There Still a Relationship?," NBER Chapters, in: R & D, Patents, and Productivity, pages 465-502 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages S71-102, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Keller, Wolfgang, 1996. "Absorptive capacity: On the creation and acquisition of technology in development," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 199-227, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Rodrik, Rani, 1995. "Trade and industrial policy reform," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery† & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 45, pages 2925-2982 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Ethier, Wilfred J, 1982. "National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(3), pages 389-405, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Jonathan Eaton & Samuel Kortum, 1995. "Patenting and Productivity in the OECD," Boston University - Institute for Economic Development 51, Boston University, Institute for Economic Development.
  16. M. Ishaq Nadiri, 1993. "Innovations and Technological Spillovers," NBER Working Papers 4423, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Johnson, Daniel & Evenson, Robert E, 1997. "Innovation and Invention in Canada," Economic Systems Research, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 177-92, June.
  18. Nadiri, M.I., 1993. "Innovations and Technological Spillovers," Working Papers 93-31, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. [Downloadable!]
  19. Kortum, Samuel & Putnam, Jonathan, 1997. "Assigning Patents to Industries: Tests of the Yale Technology Concordance," Economic Systems Research, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 161-75, June.
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Valentina Bosetti & Carlo Carraro & Emanuele Massetti & Massimo Tavoni, 2007. "International Energy R&D Spillovers and the Economics of Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric Stabilization," Working Papers 2007.82, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Dennis P. J. Botman & Manmohan S. Kumar, 2007. "Global Aging Pressures: Impact of Fiscal Adjustment, Policy Cooperation, and Structural Reforms," IMF Working Papers 07/196, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  3. Gustavsson, Patrik, 2002. "The Dynamics of European Industrial Structure," Working Paper Series 176, Trade Union Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  4. Das, Gouranga Gopal & Andriamananjara, Soamiely, 2004. "Hub-and-Spokes Free-Trade-Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere," Working Papers 15870, United States International Trade Commission, Office of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Jacobs, B. & Nahuis, R. & Tang, P.J.G., 1999. "Sectoral productivity growth and r&d spillovers in the Netherlands," Discussion Paper 15, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  6. Gouranga Gopal Das & Soamiely Andriamananjara, 2006. "Hub-and-Spokes Free Trade Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 142(1), pages 33-66, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Lööf, Hans, 2007. "Technology Spillovers and Innovation - the importance of domestic and foreign sources," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 83, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, revised 29 Jun 2007. [Downloadable!]
  8. Juergen Antony, 2005. "Diffusion of Scale Effects between European Regions," Discussion Paper Series 281, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics. [Downloadable!]
  9. Moreno, Rosina & López-Bazo, Enrique & Vaya, Esther & Artís, Manuel, 2000. "External Effects And Cost Of Production," ERSA conference papers ersa00p193, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  10. Gelauff, George & Lejour, Arjan, 2006. "The new Lisbon Strategy: An estiamtion of the impact of reaching 5 Lisbon targets," MPRA Paper 16168, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  11. Arjan Lejour & Paul Veenendaal & Gerard Verweij & Nico van Leeuwen, 2006. "Worldscan; a model for international economic policy analysis," CPB Documents 111, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  12. Michael E. Porter & Scott Stern, 2000. "Measuring the "Ideas" Production Function: Evidence from International Patent Output," NBER Working Papers 7891, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Petr Hanel, 2000. "R&D, Interindustry and International Technology Spillovers and the Total Factor Productivity Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Canada, 1974–1989," Economic Systems Research, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 345-361, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Hansson, Pär, 1999. "Relative Demand for Skills in Swedish Manufacturing: Technology or Trade?," Working Paper Series 152, Trade Union Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  15. Scott Stern & Michael E. Porter & Jeffrey L. Furman, 2000. "The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity," NBER Working Papers 7876, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Lööf, Hans, 2007. "Multinational Firms and Innovation: The Role of R&D Collaboration, Markets and Ownership," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 90, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies. [Downloadable!]
  17. Jean IMBS, 1998. "Co-Fluctuations," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'Econométrie et d'Economie politique (DEEP) 9819, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, DEEP. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  18. Paolo Epifani, 1998. "Globalization and Regional Unemployment Divergence in the EU Countries," LIUC Papers in Economics 59, Cattaneo University (LIUC). [Downloadable!]
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