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Portfolio Inefficiency and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

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Shmuel Kandel
Robert F. Stambaugh

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Abstract

A plot of expected returns versus betas obeys virtually no relation to an inefficient index portfolio's mean-variance location. If the index portfolio is inefficient, then the coefficients and R- squared from an ordinary-least-squares regression of expected returns on betas can equal essentially any desired values. The mean-variance location of the index does determine the properties of a cross- sectional mean-beta relation fitted by generalized least squares (GLS). As the index portfolio moves closer to exact efficiency, the GLS mean-beta relation moves closer to the exact linear relation corresponding to an efficient portfolio with the same variance. The goodness-of-fit for the GLS regression is the index portfolio's squared relative efficiency, which measures closeness to efficiency in mean-variance space.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 4702.

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Date of creation: Apr 1994
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:4702

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G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1992. " The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 427-65, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Kandel, Shmuel & Stambaugh, Robert F, 1989. "A Mean-Variance Framework for Tests of Asset Pricing Models," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 2(2), pages 125-56. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Ravi Jagannathan & Zhenyu Wang, 1993. "The CAPM is alive and well," Staff Report 165, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Shanken, Jay, 1985. "Multivariate tests of the zero-beta CAPM," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 327-348, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Ross, Stephen A, 1977. "The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Short-Sale Restrictions and Related Issues," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(1), pages 177-83, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Kandel, Shmuel & Stambaugh, Robert F., 1987. "On correlations and inferences about mean-variance efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 61-90, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Roll, Richard, 1977. "A critique of the asset pricing theory's tests Part I: On past and potential testability of the theory," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 129-176, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Shanken, Jay, 1987. "Multivariate proxies and asset pricing relations : Living with the Roll critique," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 91-110, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Shanken, Jay, 1992. "On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(1), pages 1-33. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Roll, Richard, 1985. "A note on the geometry of Shanken's CSR T2 test for mean/variance efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 349-357, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Hanno Lustig, 2004. "Housing Collateral, Consumption Insurance and Risk Premia: an Empirical Perspective (joint with Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh), forthcoming Journal of Finance," UCLA Economics Online Papers 300, UCLA Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  2. John Y. Campbell & John H. Cochrane, 1999. "Explaining the Poor Performance of Consumption-Based Asset Pricing Models," NBER Working Papers 7237, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Don U.A. Galagedera, 2004. "A survey on risk-return analysis," Finance 0406010, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  4. Moshe Levy & Yaacov Ritov, 2001. "Portfolio Optimization with Many Assets: The Importance of Short-Selling," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management 1006, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA. [Downloadable!]
  5. C. J. Adcock, E. A. Clark, 1999. "Beta lives - some statistical perspectives on the capital asset pricing model," European Journal of Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 213-224, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Ravi Jagannathan & Keiichi Kubota & Hitoshi Takehara, 1997. "Relationship between labor-income risk and average return: empirical evidence from the Japanese stock market," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 117, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Anthony W. Lynch, 2000. "Portfolio Choice and Equity Characteristics: Characterizing the Hedging Demands Induced by Return Predictability," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 99-073, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jay Shanken & Guofu Zhou, 2006. "Estimating and Testing Beta Pricing Models: Alternative Methods and their Performance in Simulations," NBER Working Papers 12055, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Jon A. Christopherson & Wayne E. Ferson & Debra A. Glassman, 1996. "Conditioning Manager Alphas on Economic Information: Another Look at the Persistence of Performance," NBER Working Papers 5830, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Jonathan Lewellen & Stefan Nagel, 2003. "The Conditional CAPM does not Explain Asset-Pricing Anamolies," NBER Working Papers 9974, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Jonathan Lewellen & Stefan Nagel & Jay Shanken, 2006. "A Skeptical Appraisal of Asset-Pricing Tests," NBER Working Papers 12360, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Pierluigi Balduzzi & Cesare Robotti, 2005. "Mimicking portfolios, economic risk premia, and tests of multi-beta models," Working Paper 2005-04, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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