IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/mon/ceddtr/126.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

La croissance pro-pauvres au Burkina Faso. L’éviction partielle de l’axiome d’anonymat en présence de données transversales

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud

    (GED, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV)

Abstract

L’étude propose de contribuer au débat sur la croissance pro-pauvres au Burkina Faso, et présente une nouvelle évidence empirique, fondée sur une approche ex ante du bien-être à partir de données transversales, permettant de lever partiellement l’« axiome d’anonymat » – identifier les effets de croissance et de distribution selon les formes de pauvreté et de vulnérabilité, entre 1994-95 et 2003. Premièrement, au niveau de l’ensemble de l’économie, la mise en évidence du caractère pro-pauvres de la croissance négative des dépenses, en présence de l’axiome d’anonymat, imputable à l’interférence positive de l’inégalité, contribuant à réduire la progression des privations, contraste avec les enseignements de l’approche ex ante du bien-être, suggérant un processus de croissance, certes pro-pauvres, mais plus complexe. En effet, la baisse de la pauvreté durable et transitoire involutive est due à l’interférence positive de l’inégalité, ce qui signifie que la récession des dépenses des ménages au cours de la période a été fortement pro-pauvres durables et pro-pauvres transitoires involutifs. Par contre, les changements inhérents à l’inégalité n’ont contribué qu’à freiner marginalement la progression de la pauvreté transitoire évolutive – processus faiblement pro-pauvres. Deuxièmement, l’analyse selon le milieu révèle également un processus de croissance contrasté en fonction des formes de pauvreté. D’une part, dans les villes, alors que l’approche en termes de bien-être ex post évoque l’existence d’une croissance « anti-pauvres », la récession des dépenses des ménages urbains au cours de la période a été seulement anti-pauvres durables, la dynamique des formes transitoires de pauvreté exhibant un processus de croissance faiblement pro-pauvres. D’autre part, en milieu rural, l’analyse en présence de l’axiome d’anonymat enseigne que les changements inhérents à l’inégalité ont contribué à freiner la progression du ratio de pauvreté globale. Or, si la dynamique de pauvreté durable et transitoire involutive traduit un processus de croissance pro-pauvres, s’agissant de la pauvreté transitoire évolutive, un processus de croissance anti-pauvres semble prévaloir. Les courbes de croissance de pauvreté illustrent ces évolutions. Ainsi, la distinction des formes de pauvreté, fondée sur une dissociation ex ante du bien-être et de la vulnérabilité, contribue à mieux caractériser le processus de croissance. Par exemple, au niveau de l’ensemble de l’économie, l’accroissement observé du ratio de pauvreté entre 1994-95 et 2003 est expliqué par la progression de la pauvreté transitoire évolutive, c’est-à-dire la réduction du bien-être des individus ayant au moins 60 pour cent de chance de ne plus être pauvres à court terme. Or, c’est précisément pour ces groupes que le processus de croissance a été très faiblement pro-pauvres. Néanmoins, les données disponibles ne permettent que de lever partiellement l’axiome d’anonymat, puisqu’il est impossible d’appréhender la mobilité ascendante ou descendante, ainsi que la variation des gains des individus. The study proposes to contribute to the debate on pro-poor growth in Burkina Faso, and presents anew empirical evidence, based on an ex ante approach of welfare with cross-sections data, allowing to eliminate partially the « anonymity axiom » – the specification of the effects of growth and distribution according to the forms of poverty and vulnerability, between 1994-95 and 2003. Firstly, for the whole of the economy, the description of the pro-poor character of the negative growth of the expenditure, in the presence of the anonymity axiom, due to the positive interference of the inequality, contributing to reduce the progression of the deprivations, contrasts with the lesson of the ex ante approach of welfare, indicating a more complex process of pro-poor growth. Indeed, the fall of durable and involutive transient poverty is due to the positive interference of the inequality, which means that the recession of the households’ expenditure during the period was strongly pro-poor durable and pro-poor involutive transient. On the other hand, the changes in relation to the inequality contributed only marginally to slow down the progression of the evolutive transient poverty – process slightly pro-poor. Secondly, the analysis according to the areas also reveals a process of growth contrasted according to the forms of poverty. On the one hand, in the cities, whereas the approach in terms of ex post welfare evokes the existence of an « anti-poor » growth, the recession of the urban households’ expenditure during the period was only anti-poor durable, the dynamics of the transient forms of poverty highlighting a process of growth slightly pro-poor. However, if the dynamics of durable and involutive transient poverty represents a process of pro-poor growth, with regard to the evolutive transient poverty, a process of anti-poor growth seems to prevail. The poverty growth curves illustrate these evolutions. Thus, the distinction of the forms of poverty, based on an ex ante dissociation of the welfare and vulnerability, contributes to better characterizing the process of growth. For example, for the whole of the economy, the increase observed of the poverty headcount between 1994-95 and 2003 is explained by the progression of evolutive transient poverty, i.e. the reduction of the welfare of the individuals having at least 60 percent of chance not to be poor in the short-term. However, it is precisely for these groups that the process of growth was very slightly pro-poor. Nevertheless, the data available only allow to eliminate partially the anonymity axiom, since it is impossible to apprehend ascending or downward mobility, as well as the variation of the individuals’ income. (Full text in french)

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 2006. "La croissance pro-pauvres au Burkina Faso. L’éviction partielle de l’axiome d’anonymat en présence de données transversales," Documents de travail 126, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
  • Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:126
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    To our knowledge, this item is not available for download. To find whether it is available, there are three options:
    1. Check below whether another version of this item is available online.
    2. Check on the provider's web page whether it is in fact available.
    3. Perform a search for a similarly titled item that would be available.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nanak Kakwani & Shahid Khandker & Hyun H. Son, 2004. "Pro-poor growth: concepts and measurement with country case studies," Working Papers 1, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
    2. Pernia, Ernesto & Kakwani, Nanak, 2000. "What is Pro-poor Growth?," MPRA Paper 104987, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Atkinson, A B, 1987. "On the Measurement of Poverty," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(4), pages 749-764, July.
    4. Jalan, Jyotsna & Ravallion, Martin, 1999. "Are the poor less well insured? Evidence on vulnerability to income risk in rural China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 61-81, February.
    5. Ravallion, Martin, 2004. "Pro-poor growth : A primer," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3242, The World Bank.
    6. Kakwani, N., 1990. "Testing For Significance Of Poverty Differences ; With Application To Cote D'Ivoire," Papers 90-3, New South Wales - School of Economics.
    7. Ravallion, Martin & Chen, Shaohua, 2003. "Measuring pro-poor growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 93-99, January.
    8. Michael Grimm, 2007. "Removing the anonymity axiom in assessing pro-poor growth," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 5(2), pages 179-197, August.
    9. Stephan Klasen, 2005. "Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Measurement and Policy Issues," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 246, OECD Publishing.
    10. Bhagwati, Jagdish N., 1988. "Poverty and public policy," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 539-555, May.
    11. Son, Hyun Hwa, 2004. "A note on pro-poor growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 307-314, March.
    12. Amemiya, Takeshi, 1977. "The Maximum Likelihood and the Nonlinear Three-Stage Least Squares Estimator in the General Nonlinear Simultaneous Equation Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 45(4), pages 955-968, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nouve, Kofi & Bambio, Yiriyibin & Kabore, Samuel & Wodon, Quentin, 2010. "Risque et mesures de la pauvreté rurale au Burkina Faso [Risk and Measures of Rural Poverty in Burkina Faso]," MPRA Paper 34374, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tomasz Panek, 2018. "Wzrost sprzyjaj¹cy ubogim: koncepcje i pomiar dla polski w latach 2005-2015," Working Papers 80, Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics.
    2. Tomasz Panek, 2019. "Czy wzrost gospodarczy w Polsce w latach 2005 -2015 był korzystny dla ubogich?," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 2, pages 5-39.
    3. Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 2006. "La mesure de la croissance pro-pauvres en Afrique : espace de l’utilité ou des capacités ? Analyse comparative appliquée au Burkina Faso," Documents de travail 122, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
    4. Deutsch, Joseph & Silber, Jacques, 2011. "On various ways of measuring pro-poor growth," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 5, pages 1-57.
    5. B. Essama‐Nssah & Peter J. Lambert, 2009. "Measuring Pro‐Poorness: A Unifying Approach With New Results," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 55(3), pages 752-778, September.
    6. Mwangi S. Kimenyi, 2006. "Economic Reforms and Pro-Poor Growth: Lessons for Africa and other Developing Regions and Economies in Transition," Working papers 2006-02, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    7. Zaman, Khalid & Khilji, Bashir Ahmad, 2013. "The relationship between growth–inequality–poverty triangle and pro-poor growth policies in Pakistan: The twin disappointments," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 375-393.
    8. Sami Bibi, 2006. "Growth with Equity is Better for the Poor," Cahiers de recherche 0640, CIRPEE.
    9. Nanak Kakwani & Hyun H. Son, 2006. "Pro-Poor Growth: The Asian Experience," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2006-56, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Loesse Jacques Esso, 2012. "Is Economic Growth In Cote D'Ivoire Pro-Poor? Evidence From Lsms Data: A Note," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(4), pages 575-580, October.
    11. Jmurova, Aliona, 2017. "Pro-Poor Growth: Definition, Measurement and Policy Issues," MPRA Paper 85397, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Negre, Mario, 2010. "Concepts and Operationalization of Pro-Poor Growth," WIDER Working Paper Series 047, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. Vincenzo Lombardo, 2011. "Growth and Inequality Effects on Poverty Reduction in Italy," Rivista italiana degli economisti, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 2, pages 241-280.
    14. Harmáček, Jaromír & Syrovátka, Miroslav & Dušková, Lenka, 2017. "Pro-poor growth in East Africa," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 82-93.
    15. Francisco Azpitarte, 2014. "Was Pro-Poor Economic Growth in Australia for the Income-Poor? And for the Multidimensionally-Poor?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 117(3), pages 871-905, July.
    16. Khalid Zaman & Sadaf Shamsuddin, 2018. "Linear and Non-linear Relationships Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in a Panel of Latin America and the Caribbean Countries: A New Evidence of Pro-poor Growth," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 595-619, April.
    17. Essama-Nssah, B., 2004. "A unified framework for pro-poor growth analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3397, The World Bank.
    18. Sami Bibi, 2005. "When is Economic Growth Pro-Poor? Evidence from Tunisia," Cahiers de recherche 0522, CIRPEE.
    19. Kacem, Rami Ben Haj, 2013. "Monetary versus non-monetary pro-poor growth: Evidence from rural Ethiopia between 2004 and 2009," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 7, pages 1-22.
    20. François Joseph Cabral, 2009. "La stratégie de croissance accélérée du Sénégal est t-elle pro-pauvre," Cahiers de recherche 09-05, Departement d'économique de l'École de gestion à l'Université de Sherbrooke, revised 01 Jun 2009.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:126. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.