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Non-Standard Employment and Labour Force Participation: A Comparative View of the Recent Development in Europe

Author

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  • Schmid, Günther

    (WZB - Social Science Research Center Berlin)

Abstract

This paper presents – in a new way of examination and portrayal – the extent and changes of nonstandard employment relationships (part-time work, fixed-term contracts, and self-employment) in 24 EU member states at two points of time, in 1998 and 2008, on the basis of the European Labour Force Survey. Apart from a detailed statistical description by gender, skills and branches, theoretical considerations explaining the development are also examined and tested in a preliminary way. Finally, the most important results and their challenges to the future labour market policy are emphasised again and discussed. The central outcome is neither the complaint of the eroding 'standard employment relationship' nor of its potential 'precariousness'; it is rather the requirement of increasing variability in employment relations due to rising employment participation of women (work-life-balance), mature aged workers, and persons with restricted work capacities. However, parallel to this development social risks are also spreading over the life course, especially the risk of great income volatility through multiple or long periods of unemployment, changing working times, obsolete skills or restricted work capacities due to ill health. In order to reduce or to avoid new social inequalities, future labour market reforms have to acknowledge this development by establishing new forms of social security or by constituting a more flexible standard employment relationship through adaptations in labour and social law. The contribution ends by providing some suggestions to such reforms.

Suggested Citation

  • Schmid, Günther, 2010. "Non-Standard Employment and Labour Force Participation: A Comparative View of the Recent Development in Europe," IZA Discussion Papers 5087, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp5087
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    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp5087.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fernández-Kranz, Daniel & Rodríguez-Planas, Núria, 2011. "The part-time pay penalty in a segmented labor market," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 591-606, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tamar Khitarishvili, 2016. "Two tales of contraction: gender wage gap in Georgia before and after the 2008 crisis," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-28, December.
    2. Andrew Atherton & João R. Faria & Daniel Wheatley & Dongxu Wu & Zhongmin Wu, 2016. "The decision to moonlight: does second job holding by the self-employed and employed differ?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(3), pages 279-299, May.
    3. Julie Byrne & Rowena A. Pecchenino, 2019. "Heigh Ho, Heigh Ho: flexible labor contracts with real option characteristics," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 54(1), pages 25-34, January.
    4. Jeroen Horemans, 2016. "Polarisation of Non-standard Employment in Europe: Exploring a Missing Piece of the Inequality Puzzle," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 125(1), pages 171-189, January.
    5. Olivier Giraud & Arnaud Lechevalier, 2018. "The grey zone and labour market dynamics in Germany," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 24(3), pages 317-336, August.
    6. Bettina Wagner & Anke Hassel, 2016. "Posting, subcontracting and low-wage employment in the German meat industry," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 22(2), pages 163-178, May.
    7. Hanita Sarah Saad, 2012. "Regulating Atypical Employment In The Malaysian Private Sector: Balancing Flexibility And Security," Journal of Global Management, Global Research Agency, vol. 3(1), pages 59-73, January.
    8. Tamar Khitarishvili, 2013. "Evaluating the Gender Wage Gap in Georgia, 2004 - 2011," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_768, Levy Economics Institute.
    9. Ezgi Caki, 2022. "The Plight of Female Employment in Germany under School-Related COVID-19 Control Measures," The CoronaNet Researchers Working Paper Series 04/2022, CoronaNet Research Project, revised Jun 2022.
    10. Ida Regalia, 2014. "L?azione del sindacato sul territorio," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(1), pages 38-49.
    11. Srivastava, Ravi., 2016. "Structural change and non-standard forms of employment in India," ILO Working Papers 994897513402676, International Labour Organization.
    12. Zoe Adams & Simon Deakin, 2014. "Institutional Solutions to Precariousness and Inequality in Labour Markets," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 52(4), pages 779-809, December.
    13. Jeroen Horemans, 2017. "Atypical Employment and In-Work Poverty: A Different Story for Part-Timers and Temporary Workers?," Working Papers 1701, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    14. Rowena A Pecchenino & Julie Byrne, 2017. "Heigh Ho, Heigh Ho:The Way We (Would Like to) Work Now," Economics Department Working Paper Series n282-17.pdf, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland - Maynooth.
    15. Kevin Kane & William AV Clark, 2019. "Mapping the landscape of urban work: Home-based businesses and the built environment," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(2), pages 323-350, March.
    16. Kahlenberg, Christoph & Spermann, Alexander, 2012. "How Could Germany Escape the Demographic Trap?," IZA Policy Papers 48, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Mihee Park & Joonmo Kang, 2017. "Job satisfaction of non-standard workers in Korea: focusing on non-standard workers’ internal and external heterogeneity," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 31(4), pages 605-623, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    non-standard employment; labour force participation; flexibility; labour market policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy
    • J41 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Labor Contracts
    • J48 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Particular Labor Markets; Public Policy
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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