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Improving the air connectivity of hub airports: an instrument to boost the economic performance of EU countries?

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  • Maria Inês Castro
  • Maria Paula Fontoura

Abstract

This study discusses the importance of hub airports’ air connectivity in improving the economic performance of the European Union countries during the period of 2008-2019. For this purpose, we use two different measurements of air connectivity - airport and hub connectivity, which are calculated using the Nestcan Model, and then, as a first step, we analyse the degree of linear association of each one of them with gross domestic product (GDP) and with a set of economic variables (hereafter designated as EVs) which, according to the literature, are expected to be positively determined by air connectivity and will boost a country´s economic performance, namely: inflows and outflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), imports, exports, and international tourism expenditures. We conclude that the type of air connectivity adopted matters. The results show that hub connectivity has a higher correlation with key variables for economic growth and is increasingly correlated with GDP during the period analysed, while a downward tendency over the more recent years was observed with regards airport connectivity. Next, we test the strength and direction of the quantitative relationship between hub connectivity and GDP/each EV for a sample of EU countries with a hub connectivity level of at least 5% of the TOP hub-connected EU country (Germany). Finally, we extract conclusions for individual countries, with the help of the scatter diagrams and regression lines. The results provide policy guidance regarding the role of hub connectivity in increasing the economic performance of a country, especially for those countries that are highly dependent on FDI, trade, and tourism for economic growth, as we illustrate for the case of Portugal.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Inês Castro & Maria Paula Fontoura, 2021. "Improving the air connectivity of hub airports: an instrument to boost the economic performance of EU countries?," Working Papers REM 2021/0200, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    • Handle: RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02002021
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Dunning, 1981. "Explaining the international direct investment position of countries: Towards a dynamic or developmental approach," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 117(1), pages 30-64, March.
    2. Rosa Forte & Rui Moura, 2013. "The Effects Of Foreign Direct Investment On The Host Country'S Economic Growth: Theory And Empirical Evidence," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 58(03), pages 1-28.
    3. Crespo, Nuno & Fontoura, Maria Paula, 2007. "Determinant Factors of FDI Spillovers - What Do We Really Know?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 410-425, March.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    air connectivity; airport connectivity; hub connectivity; foreign direct investment; international trade; tourism; Netscan Model; European Union; Portugal.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E69 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Other
    • F20 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - General
    • L93 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Air Transportation

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