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Zur US Dollar Hegemonie: Ein Blick zurück - und in die Zukunft

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  • Jörg Bibow

Abstract

Spätestens seit dem Ende des 2. Weltkriegs ist der US Dollar die führende Reservewährung der Welt. Allerdings hat sich die Natur der globalen Hegemonie des US Dollar im Zeitalter des Neoliberalismus und Finanzglobalisierung stark gewandelt. Die Krise von 2007-9 brachte für die Weltwährungsordnung eine neue kritische Zäsur; so lautet die Hypothese dieser Arbeit. Die hegemoniale Stellung des US Dollar scheint zwar nicht unmittelbar bedroht zu sein. Aber Umwälzungen in der Weltwirtschaft erschweren ihre Funktionsweise, da mit dem Aufstieg Chinas als Wirtschaftsmacht ein zweiter Pol entstanden ist, der mit dem von Amerika dominierten Pol der globalen Finanzwelt ein neues Spannungsfeld geschaffen hat. Der akute Konflikt zwischen den beiden Supermächten hat diesem Spannungsfeld eine zusätzliche Explosivität verliehen, die auch die Zukunft der globalen Vorherrschaft des US Dollar betrifft. Dieser Beitrag untersucht diese Entwicklungen vor dem historischen Hintergrund der Geschichte des Weltwährungssystems seit der Zeit des klassischen Goldstandards und im Lichte der Arbeiten von John Maynard Keynes. Die Analyse beginnt mit einem historischen Überblick seit der Zeit des klassischen Goldstandards. Danach wird im 3. Abschnitt Keynes Vision einer Weltwährungsordnung ohne Hegemonen kurz vorgestellt. Im 4. Abschnitt wird dann die ursprüngliche Bretton Woods Ordnung und ihr Niedergang diskutiert. Die Wiederherstellung der globalen Vorherrschaft des US Dollar bei zunehmender Finanzglobalisierung ist Gegenstand des 5. Abschnitts. Im 6. Abschnitt wird die Kernhypothese dieser Arbeit entwickelt, wonach die globale Krise eine kritische Zäsur für die Weltwährungsordnung und den Beginn einer neuen Epoche von Instabilität markierte - die an die Instabilitäten der 1970er Jahre und die Zwischenkriegszeit erinnert. Abschnitt 7 fasst zusammen und bietet einen kurzen Ausblick.

Suggested Citation

  • Jörg Bibow, 2019. "Zur US Dollar Hegemonie: Ein Blick zurück - und in die Zukunft," FMM Working Paper 48-2019, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
  • Handle: RePEc:imk:fmmpap:48-2019
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