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Cobertura del sistema de seguridad social y el mercado laboral en países en desarrollo

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Author Info
Paula Auerbach
María Eugenia Genoni
Carmen Pagés-Serra ()

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) En este trabajo se analizan los motivos que hay detrás de los bajos niveles de aporte a los programas de seguridad social en países en desarrollo. Empleando un conjunto considerable de encuestas armonizadas de hogares latinoamericanos, comparamos los patrones de aporte de empleados asalariados, cuya participación es obligatoria, con los patrones de aporte de trabajadores independientes, para los cuales la participación es a menudo voluntaria. En todos los países, los niveles de aporte entre trabajadores asalariados guardan una correlación parecida con el nivel de educación, el ingreso, el tamaño de la compañía, las características del hogar y la edad. Además, los patrones de aporte entre trabajadores asalariados guardan una elevada correlación con los patrones de aporte de los trabajadores independientes. Nuestros resultados indican que, en promedio, más de 30% de la variación aclarada de los patrones de aporte en un país puede deberse a la poca disposición de los particulares a participar en programas de pensiones durante sus años de ancianidad. No obstante, también hallamos elementos de prueba que sugieren que algunos trabajadores quedan excluidos del sistema de seguridad social contra su voluntad, por motivos de racionamiento.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4422.

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Date of creation: Sep 2005
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4422

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  1. Gong, Xiaodong & Van Soest, Arthur & Villagomez, Elizabeth, 2004. "Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(1), pages 1-36, October.
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  2. Jonathan Gruber, 1995. "The Incidence of Payroll Taxation: Evidence from Chile," NBER Working Papers 5053, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. James Heckman & Carmen Pages, 2003. "Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean," NBER Working Papers 10129, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Sara De La Rica & Thomas Lemieux, 1993. "Does Public Health Insurance Reduce Labor Market Flexibility or Encourage the Underground Economy? Evidence from Spain and the United States," NBER Working Papers 4402, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Sebastian Edwards & Alejandra Cox Edwards, 2002. "Social Security Privatization Reform and Labor Markets: The Case of Chile," NBER Working Papers 8924, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Maloney, William F, 1999. "Does Informality Imply Segmentation in Urban Labor Markets? Evidence from Sectoral Transitions in Mexico," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 275-302, May.
  7. MacIsaac, Donna & Rama, Martin, 1997. "Determinants of Hourly Earnings in Ecuador: The Role of Labor Market Regulations," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 15(3), pages S136-65, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Bosch, Mariano & Maloney, William, 2005. "Labor market dynamics in developing countries: comparative analysis using continuous time Markov processes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3583, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  9. Maloney, William F., 2004. "Informality Revisited," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1159-1178, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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