¿Quién se beneficia con la normativa de los mercados laborales?: Chile, 1960-1998

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¿Quién se beneficia con la normativa de los mercados laborales?: Chile, 1960-1998

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Claudio Montenegro
Carmen Pagés-Serra ()

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Carmen Pages

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Los economistas han examinado las repercusiones de la regulación de los mercados laborales en el nivel de empleo. Sin embargo, hay muchos motivos para pensar que dichas repercusiones difieren de un tipo de trabajador a otro. En este trabajo aprovechamos la amplitud de la variación, desusadamente grande, de las políticas laborales en Chile para analizar el modo en que la normativa de diversos mercados laborales incide en la distribución del empleo y en los niveles de empleo a través de los diversos grupos de edad, sexo y capacitación. A tal fin, empleamos una muestra de encuestas de hogares representativos que cubren el período de 1960 a 1998, y cuantifican la evolución de las disposiciones sobre estabilidad laboral y el salario mínimo en el tiempo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los efectos sobre la distribución son considerables. Hallamos que las disposiciones sobre la estabilidad laboral y el salario mínimo reducen la proporción de puestos de trabajo disponibles para trabajadores jóvenes y trabajadores no calificados, así como los niveles de empleo en esos segmentos. También hallamos efectos considerables sobre la distribución del empleo entre mujeres y hombres.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4346.

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Date of creation: Aug 2003
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4346

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