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Reformas estructurales en América Latina: qué se ha reformado y cómo cuantificarlo

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Author Info
Eduardo Lora ()

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Desde mediados de los años 80 se ha producido un cambio profundo en la dirección de las políticas estructurales en la región. El modelo de desarrollo basado en la protección de los mercados nacionales y la intervención del Estado fue reemplazado por un conjunto de políticas destinadas principalmente al fomento de la eficiencia, la facilitación del funcionamiento de los mercados y la reducción de los efectos distorsionantes de la intervención oficial en las actividades económicas. Una versión previa de este artículo (Lora, 1997) respondió a la falta hasta ese momento de cuantificaciones del avance de las reformas. Tal como se sostuvo a la sazón, la falta de cuantificaciones directas de las políticas estructurales había entorpecido la evaluación adecuada de los efectos de las reformas en el crecimiento económico y otras variables. Los pocos estudios que habían intentado analizar los efectos de las reformas habían empleado variables de resultados, tales como la proporción de comercio internacional en la economía o el tamaño del gasto público, o la profundidad del sistema financiero, en vez de variables de políticas, tales como aranceles, niveles tributarios o niveles de encaje legal. Los índices de reforma propuestos en ese entonces sirvieron como base de varios estudios en los que se analizaron las repercusiones de las reformas y se estimuló la definición de otros indicadores de reforma.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4294.

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Date of creation: Dec 2001
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4294

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Wacziarg, Romain, 1998. "Measuring the dynamic gains from trade," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2001, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Jeffrey D. Sachs & Andrew Warner, 1995. "Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 26(1995-1), pages 1-118. [Downloadable!]
  3. Miguel Székely & Nancy Birdsall & Jere R. Behrman, 2000. "Economics Reform and Wage Differentials in Latin America," RES Working Papers 4235, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
  4. Easterly, William & Loayza, Norman & Montiel, Peter, 1997. "Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3-4), pages 287-311, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Dani Rodrik, 1996. "Understanding Economic Policy Reform," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 34(1), pages 9-41, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Barth, James R. & Caprio Jr., Gerard & Levine, Ross, 2001. "Bank regulation and supervision : what works best?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2725, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  7. James J. Heckman & Carmen Pages, 2000. "The Cost of Job Security Regulation: Evidence from Latin American Labor Markets," NBER Working Papers 7773, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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