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Climate Change and Kuznets Curve: Portuguese Experience

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  • Nuno Carlos Leitão

    (Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, ESGTS and CEFAGE-UE, Évora University)

Abstract

The climate change has inspired the interest of the academic community in the most diverse areas of knowledge. This study tests and revisited the environmental Kuznets curve assumptions for Portugal. The econometric strategy used in this research is time series (ARIMA model, OLS estimator, ARCH regression, VAR model, and Granger causality) for the time period 1980-2013.The econometric results show that the income per capita and squared income per capita are according to the expected signs, i.e. a positive impact of income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions, and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical study also demonstrates that Portugal presents a dependence on energy consumption. The openness trade and foreign direct investment are negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nuno Carlos Leitão, 2018. "Climate Change and Kuznets Curve: Portuguese Experience," Working Papers 2018.11, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    • Handle: RePEc:fem:femwpa:2018.11
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nuno Carlos Leit o, 2015. "Energy Consumption and Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Analysis for Portugal," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(1), pages 138-147.
    2. Baek, Jungho, 2015. "Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: The case of Arctic countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 13-17.
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    5. Fodha, Mouez & Zaghdoud, Oussama, 2010. "Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: An empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 1150-1156, February.
    6. Grossman, G.M & Krueger, A.B., 1991. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," Papers 158, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
    7. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Selden, Thomas M., 1995. "Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 85-101, May.
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    9. Jeremi s M t Balogh & Attila J mbor, 2017. "Determinants of CO2 Emission: A Global Evidence," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 217-226.
    10. Muhammad Shahbaz & Nuno Carlos Leitão, 2013. "Portuguese Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis," Bulletin of Energy Economics (BEE), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 1(1), pages 1-7, March.
    11. Maralgua Och, 2017. "Empirical Investigation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Nitrous Oxide Emissions for Mongolia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 117-128.
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    14. Eko Mahar Diputra & Jungho Baek, 2018. "Is Growth Good or Bad For the Environment in Indonesia?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 1-4.
    15. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2013. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Urbanization And Globalization: A Dynamic Panel Data," Economic Research Guardian, Weissberg Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 22-32, June.
    16. Alshehry, Atef Saad & Belloumi, Mounir, 2017. "Study of the environmental Kuznets curve for transport carbon dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1339-1347.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Environmental Kuznets Curve; Climate Changes; Time Series and Openness Trade;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C50 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - General
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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