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Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: mechanisms associated with crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions

Author

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  • Duque, Magali
  • Mcknight, Abigail

Abstract

This paper outlines the various issues pertaining to how crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions may provide a mechanism through which inequality is positively related to poverty. We analyse trends in crime rates, review evidence on the determinants of criminal activity, trends in incarceration rates and prison populations, and the profile of prisoners. We explore relevant aspects of criminal justice policies, changes to Legal Aid, and legal reforms, and finish by outlining how the evidence suggests that crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions is one of the mechanisms that contributes to the positive link between economic inequality and poverty, before reviewing policy options.

Suggested Citation

  • Duque, Magali & Mcknight, Abigail, 2019. "Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: mechanisms associated with crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103459, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    • Handle: RePEc:ehl:lserod:103459
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    File URL: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/103459/
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Yang, Lin, 2018. "The relationship between poverty and inequality: resource constraint mechanisms," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103463, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Yang, Lin & Vizard, Polly, 2017. "Multidimensional poverty and income inequality in the EU," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103496, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Polly Vizard & Lin Yang, 2017. "Multidimensional poverty and income inequality in the EU," CASE Papers /207, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    5. Frank Cowell & Eleni Karagiannaki & Abigail McKnight, 2019. "The changing distribution of wealth in the pre-crisis US and UK: the role of socio-economic factors," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 71(1), pages 1-24.
    6. Robert Witt & Alan Clarke & Nigel Fielding, 1998. "Crime, earnings inequality and unemployment in England and Wales," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(4), pages 265-267.
    7. N/A, 2015. "The UK economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 231(1), pages 3-3, February.
    8. Dongxu Wu & Zhongmin Wu, 2012. "Crime, inequality and unemployment in England and Wales," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(29), pages 3765-3775, October.
    9. N/A, 2015. "The UK Economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 233(1), pages 3-3, August.
    10. Nolan, Brian & Salverda, Wiemer & Checchi, Daniele & Marx, Ive & McKnight, Abigail & Toth, Istvan Gy (ed.), 2014. "Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries: Thirty Countries' Experiences," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199687428.
    11. N/A, 2015. "The UK Economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 234(1), pages 3-3, November.
    12. Nevin, Rick, 1999. "How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy," MPRA Paper 35324, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Worrall, John L., 2004. "The effect of three-strikes legislation on serious crime in California," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 283-296.
    14. N/A, 2013. "The UK economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 225(1), pages 3-3, August.
    15. N/A, 2015. "The UK economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 232(1), pages 3-3, May.
    16. Lin Yang, 2018. "The relationship between poverty and inequality: Resource constraint mechanisms," CASE Papers /212, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jacqueline Tallent & Jes Phillips & Esther Coren, 2022. "PROTOCOL: Arts‐based interventions for offenders in secure criminal justice settings to improve rehabilitation outcomes: An evidence and gap map," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(3), September.
    2. Kerris Cooper & Nicola Lacey, 2019. "Physical safety and Security: Policies, spending and outcomes 2015-2020," CASE - Social Policies and Distributional Outcomes Research Papers 05, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    3. Magali Duque & Abigail McKnight, 2019. "Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: a review of dynamic mechanisms," CASE Papers /217, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    4. Muhammad Khalid Anser & Zahid Yousaf & Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Saad M. Alotaibi & Ahmad Kabbani & Khalid Zaman, 2020. "Dynamic linkages between poverty, inequality, crime, and social expenditures in a panel of 16 countries: two-step GMM estimates," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Mcknight, Abigail, 2019. "Understanding the relationship between poverty, inequality and growth: a review of existing evidence," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103458, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Duque, Magali & Mcknight, Abigail, 2019. "Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: a review of dynamic mechanisms," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103457, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. repec:cep:spccrp:05 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Abigail McKnight, 2019. "Understanding the relationship between poverty, inequality and growth: a review of existing evidence," CASE Papers /216, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    poverty; inequality; crime; law; punishment; criminal justice; police;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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