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El impacto de políticas diferenciadas de cuarentena sobre la mortalidad por COVID-19: el caso de Brasil y Perú

Author

Listed:
  • Angelo Cozzubo

    (University of Chicago)

  • Javier Herrera

    (IRD, PUCP, PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine)

  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL-LEDa, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Université)

  • Mireille Razafindrakoto

    (DIAL-LEDa, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Université)

Abstract

Según la Universidad Johns Hopkins, Brasil y el Perú son dos de los países que cuenta con mayor número de infectados en América Latina y entre los cinco primeros en el mundo (octubre 2020) y donde la letalidad por COVID-19 ha sido de las más elevadas. Este estudio propone determinar el impacto sobre la mortalidad causado por el COVID-19, considerando las medidas de confinamiento, la pobreza y la movilidad residencia; ello contrastando Perú y Brasil como dos casos de políticas de emergencia contrarias. Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, el análisis emplea información de mortalidad de actualización diaria y desagregada a nivel municipal para ambos países. El análisis aplica un conjunto de medidas de relación y heterogeneidad espacial local y global entre los niveles de sobremortalidad subnacionales considerando sobre los datos armonizados. Complementariamente, se plantea un modelo de estudio de eventos con la de fallecimientos distritales para ambos países entre 2019-2020, y se miden impactos heterogéneos por edad, sexo, pobreza y movilidad residencial. El análisis espacial muestra que el patrón de muertes dista de ser aleatorio en el espacio; y que los hotspots de sobremortalidad comienzan en las “grandes ciudades” y se diseminan en el tiempo. Complementariamente, los estudios de evento muestran que el efecto no es lineal, sino que hay una evolución de corto y largo plazo de las muertes donde los grupos más afectados resultan los hombres y adultos mayores. Finalmente, considerando el caso de Lima, es posible verificar que la movilidad tiene un efecto significativo y positivo en la sobremortalidad que se condice con el final de la cuarentena y se ve potenciado en distritos pobres.___________________________________________________________________ According to Johns Hopkins University, Brazil and Peru are among the top five countries globally with the most COVID-19 infections (October 2020). Moreover, the casualties in both countries have been among the most elevated worldwide. This study proposes to determine the impact on mortality caused by COVID-19, considering the quarantine measures, poverty levels, and residential mobility; this contrasting Peru and Brazil as two cases of contrary emergency policies. To answer these research questions, we analyze daily updated mortality data at the municipal level for both countries. The analysis applies a set of spatial relationships and heterogeneity local and global measures for the subnational levels of excess mortality considering the harmonized data. In addition, we compute an event study model for both countries between 2019-2020 while measuring heterogeneous impacts by age, sex, poverty, and residential mobility. The spatial analysis shows that the pattern of deaths is far from being spatially random and that hotspots begin in the "big cities" and spread over time. In addition, the event studies show that the effect is not linear but that there is a short and long-term evolution of deaths, where the most affected groups are men and older adults. Finally, for the case of Lima, it is possible to verify that mobility has a significant and positive effect on excess mortality that is consistent with the end of the strict quarantine and enhanced in poorer districts.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelo Cozzubo & Javier Herrera & François Roubaud & Mireille Razafindrakoto, 2021. "El impacto de políticas diferenciadas de cuarentena sobre la mortalidad por COVID-19: el caso de Brasil y Perú," Working Papers DT/2021/05, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt202105
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID19; mortality; mobility; poverty; Peru; Brazil;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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