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Testing and Comparing Value-at-Risk Measures

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Author Info
Peter Christoffersen ()
Jinyong Hahn
Atsushi Inoue

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Abstract

Value-at-Risk (VaR) has emerged as the standard tool for measuring and reporting financial market risk. Currently, more than eighty commercial vendors offer enterprise or trading risk management systems which report VaR-like measures. Risk managers are therefore often left with the daunting task of having to choose from this plethora of risk models. Accordingly, this paper develops a framework for asking, first, how a risk manager can test that the VaR measure at hand is properly specified. And second, given two different VaR measures, how can the risk manager compare the two and pick the best in a statistically meaningful way? In the application, competing VaR measures are calculated from either historical or option-price based volatility measures, and the VaRs are tested and compared.

La valeur exposée au risque (value at risk - VaR) est devenue un outil standard de mesure et de communication des risques associés aux marchés financiers. Plus de quatre-vingts fournisseurs commerciaux proposent actuellement des systèmes de gestion d'entreprise ou de gestion des risques commerciaux fournissant des mesures de type VaR. C'est donc souvent aux gestionnaires des risques qu'incombe la tâche difficile d'opérer un choix parmi cette pléthore de modèles de risques. Cet article propose un cadre utile pour déterminer par quel moyen le gestionnaire des risques peut s'assurer que la mesure de VaR dont il dispose est bien définie, et, dans un deuxième temps, comparer deux mesures de VaR différentes et choisir la meilleure en s'appuyant sur des données statistiques utiles. Dans l'application, différentes mesures de VaR sont calculées à partir soit de mesures de volatilité historiques ou de mesures de volatilité implicites dans le prix des options; les VaR sont également vérifiées et comparées.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2001s-03.

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Date of creation: 01 Jan 2001
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2001s-03

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Related research
Keywords: Risk management; volatility; nonnested testing; options; model risk; Gestion des risques; volatilité; tests non emboîtés; options; risque modèle;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Other Model Applications

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Torben Andersen & Tim Bollerslev & Francis X. Diebold & Paul Labys, 1999. "The Distribution of Exchange Rate Volatility," NBER Working Papers 6961, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Darryll Hendricks, 1996. "Evaluation of value-at-risk models using historical data," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue Apr, pages 39-69. [Downloadable!]
  3. Darryll Hendricks, 1996. "Evaluation of value-at-risk models using historical data," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue May, pages 334-362.
  4. Gallant, A. Ronald & Tauchen, George, 1996. "Which Moments to Match?," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(04), pages 657-681, October. [Downloadable!]
  5. Garman, Mark B & Klass, Michael J, 1980. "On the Estimation of Security Price Volatilities from Historical Data," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(1), pages 67-78, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Robert Engle & Simone Manganelli, 1999. "CAViaR: Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk by Regression Quantiles," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 1999-20, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Dimson, Elroy & Marsh, Paul, 1995. " Capital Requirements for Securities Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(3), pages 821-51, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Chernov, Mikhail & Ghysels, Eric, 2000. "A study towards a unified approach to the joint estimation of objective and risk neutral measures for the purpose of options valuation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(3), pages 407-458, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Jón Daníelsson & Casper G. de Vries, 1998. "Value-at-Risk and Extreme Returns," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 98-017/2, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Gallant, A. Ronald & Tauchen, George, 1997. "Reprojecting Partially Observed Systems with Application to Interest Rate Diffusions," Working Papers 97-09, Duke University, Department of Economics.
  11. repec:cup:etheor:v:12:y:1996:i:4:p:657-81 is not listed on IDEAS
  12. Christoffersen, Peter F, 1998. "Evaluating Interval Forecasts," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 39(4), pages 841-62, November.
  13. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Pakes, Ariel & Pollard, David, 1989. "Simulation and the Asymptotics of Optimization Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(5), pages 1027-57, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Tauchen, George E. & Gallant, A. Ronald, 1995. "Which Moments to Match," Working Papers 95-20, Duke University, Department of Economics.
  16. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-43. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Jorion, Philippe, 1995. " Predicting Volatility in the Foreign Exchange Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(2), pages 507-28, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Engle, Robert F, 1982. "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Raffaella Giacomini & Ivana Komunjer, 2003. "Evaluation and Combination of Conditional Quantile Forecasts," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 571, Boston College Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. DeRossi, G. & Harvey, A., 2006. "Time-Varying Quantiles," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0649, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. [Downloadable!]
  3. Gaglianone, Wagner Piazza & Linton, Oliver & Lima, Luiz Renato Regis de Oliveira, 2008. "Evaluating Value-at-Risk models via Quantile regressions," Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 679, Graduate School of Economics, Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Juan Carlos Escanciano & Jose Olmo, 2007. "Backtesting Parametric Value-at-Risk with Estimation Risk," Caepr Working Papers 2007-005_updated, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Economics Department, Indiana University Bloomington. [Downloadable!]
  5. Valentina Corradi & Norman Swanson, 2004. "Predective Density and Conditional Confidence Interval Accuracy Tests," Departmental Working Papers 200423, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Kerkhof, J. & Melenberg, B., 2002. "Backtesting for risk-based regulatory capital," Discussion Paper 110, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. J. Carlos Escanciano & Jose Olmo, 2007. "Estimation risk effects on backtesting for parametric value-at-risk models," City University Economics Discussion Papers 07/11, Department of Economics, City University, London. [Downloadable!]
  8. Valentina Corradi & Norman Swanson, 2003. "The Block Bootstrap for Parameter Estimation Error In Recursive Estimation Schemes, With Applications to Predictive Evaluation," Departmental Working Papers 200313, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  9. Kerkhof, J. & Melenberg, B. & Schumacher, H., 2003. "Testing expected shortfall models for derivative positions," Discussion Paper 24, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  10. Peter Christoffersen & Denis Pelletier, 2003. "Backtesting Value-at-Risk: A Duration-Based Approach," CIRANO Working Papers 2003s-05, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Michael P. Clements & Philip Hans Franses & Norman R. Swanson, 2003. "Forecasting economic and financial time-series with non-linear models," Departmental Working Papers 200309, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Elena Andreou & Eric Ghysels, 2004. "The Impact of Sampling Frequency and Volatility Estimators on Change-Point Tests," CIRANO Working Papers 2004s-25, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  13. Roberta Fiori & Simonetta Iannotti, 2006. "Scenario Based Principal Component Value-at-Risk: an Application to Italian Banks' Interest Rate Risk Exposure," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 602, Bank of Italy, Economic Research Department. [Downloadable!]
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