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Une analyse de la dynamique de la dépendance à l'assistance-emploi des populations natives et immigrantes québécoises

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Author Info
Guy Lacroix ()
Gino Santarossa
Pierre Gagné

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Abstract

Many recent empirical studies have shown that recent cohorts of immigrants to western countries face more hardship than previous cohorts. In Quebec, for instance, the welfare dependency rates of immigrants have steadily increased between 1982 and 1998 and are insensitive to fluctuations in the business cycles, contrary to what has been observed for natives.
This study seeks to better understand the process of economic and social integration of immigrants to Quebec as seen through their dependency toward the employment-assistance program (welfare benefits program), relative to that of the natives. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of participation to the employment-assistance program between January 1975 and March 2000. The study is divided into separate sections:
1. A comparative analysis of schooling and income between natives and immigrants of Quebec, Ontario and British-Columbia.
2. A descriptive analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and participation rates in the employment-insurance program between 1975 and 2000.
3. An econometric analysis of the dynamics of program participation that highlights the contribution of many factors to the observed dynamics as well as the immigration status.

Plusieurs recherches empiriques récentes ont établi que les cohortes récentes d'immigrants dans de nombreux pays occidentaux éprouvent davantage de difficultés à intégrer le marché du travail que les cohortes plus anciennes. Au Québec, les taux de dépendance à l'assistance-emploi de la clientèle immigrante sont croissants durant toute la période de 1982 à 1998 et varient très peu en fonction de la conjoncture économique, contrairement à ce qui est observé pour les natifs.
Cette étude vise principalement à avoir une meilleure connaissance de l'intégration économique et sociale des immigrants au Québec vue à travers leur dépendance à l'assistance-emploi et comparée par rapport à celle des prestataires natifs. Dans l'étude, l'analyse de la dynamique de participation au programme d'assistance-emploi est examinée à partir des épisodes ayant débuté entre janvier 1975 et mars 2000. Dans l'étude, trois volets sont abordés :
1. Une évolution comparée de la scolarité et du revenu annuel moyen pour les populations natives et immigrantes résidant au Québec, en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique;
2. Une description, des principales caractéristiques socio-démographiques des prestataires natifs et des prestataires immigrants présents au cours des années 1975 à 2000 et une analyse comparative de la dynamique de participation au programme d'assistance-emploi;
3. Une analyse économétrique comparative qui mesure la contribution de nombreux facteurs aux fluctuations de la dépendance à l'assistance-emploi.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Project Reports with number 2003rp-14.

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Date of creation: 01 Oct 2003
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2003rp-14

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Related research
Keywords: Quebec; Immigration; Employment-Assistance; Dependency; Québec; immigration; assistance-emploi; dépendance; conjoncture économique;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Edin, Per-Anders & LaLonde, Robert J. & Åslund, Olof, 2000. "Emigration of Immigrants and Measures of Immigrant Assimilation: Evidence from Sweden," Working Paper Series 2000:13, Uppsala University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Fortin, Bernard & Lacroix, Guy, 1997. "Welfare Benefits, Minimum Wage Rate and the Duration of Welfare Spells: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Canada," Cahiers de recherche 9708, Université Laval - Département d'économique. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Borjas, George J, 1999. "Immigration and Welfare Magnets," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(4), pages 607-37, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Barrett, Garry F., 2000. "The effect of educational attainment on welfare dependence: Evidence from Canada," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 209-232, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Meyer, Bruce D, 1990. "Unemployment Insurance and Unemployment Spells," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 58(4), pages 757-82, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Borjas, George J, 1985. "Assimilation, Changes in Cohort Quality, and the Earnings of Immigrants," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(4), pages 463-89, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Francine D. Blau, 1984. "The use of transfer payments by immigrants," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 37(2), pages 222-239, January.
  8. Jörgen Hansen & Magnus Lofstrom, 1999. "Immigrant Assimilation and Welfare Participation: Do Immigrants Assimilate Into or Out-of Welfare," IZA Discussion Papers 100, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. George J. Borjas & Stephen J. Trejo, 1991. "Immigrant Participation in the Welfare System," NBER Working Papers 3423, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  10. Alan G. Green & David A. Green, 1995. "Canadian Immigration Policy: The Effectiveness of the Point System and Other Instruments," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 28(4b), pages 1006-41, November.
  11. George J. Borjas, 1994. "The Economics of Immigration," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 32(4), pages 1667-1717, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. David Card, 1989. "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market," NBER Working Papers 3069, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Jennifer Stewart & Martin D. Dooley, 1999. "The Duration of Spells on Welfare and Off Welfare Among Lone Mothers in Ontario," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 25(s1), pages 47-72, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Riphahn, Regina, 1999. "Immigrant Participation in Social Assistance Programs: Evidence from German Guestworkers," CEPR Discussion Papers 2318, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. David E. Bloom & Gilles Grenier & Morley Gunderson, 1995. "The Changing Labour Market Position of Canadian Immigrants," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 28(4b), pages 987-1005, November.
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  16. George J. Borjas & Stephen J. Trejo, 1992. "National Origin and Immigrant Welfare Recipiency," NBER Working Papers 4029, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Borjas, George J & Hilton, Lynette, 1996. "Immigration and the Welfare State: Immigrant Participation in Means-Tested Entitlement Programs," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 111(2), pages 575-604, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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