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Haute technologie et echelles de qualite : de fortes asymetries en Europe

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Author Info
Lionel Fontagne
Michael Freudenberg
Deniz Unal-Kesenci

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Abstract

Contrairement a ce qu'enseigne la theorie classique du commerce international, la specialisation des pays n'est pas neutre. La dimension dynamique de l'insertion dans le commerce international est essentielle, dans la mesure ou les ecarts de contenu technologique des branches, dans lesquelles les pays sont inegalement engages, sont susceptibles d'avoir des effets permanents sur la croissance. Le type d'activite dans lequel l'economie se specialise procure un gain dynamique, par opposition au gain statique d'ouverture. Le premier gain porte sur le taux de croissance tandis que celui du second concerne seulement l'output. Par ailleurs, l'existence d'externalites technologiques limitees dans l'espace fait que les avantages de coût pour les activites technologiques ne sont plus simplement lies aux differences de dotations en facteurs : la taille et l'histoire de chaque localisation comptent. Les grands pays sont avantages et il existe une prime au first mover. Enfin, a la difference du cadre statique, les avantages sont cumulatifs. Compte tenu du caractere partiellement non appropriable des resultats de l'effort de recherche, celle-ci est plus efficace dans le pays ayant anterieurement consenti plus d'efforts. Un avantage initial minime peut des lors conduire a un equilibre polarise. La seule chance pour un pays parti en retard consiste a etre de tres grande taille ou a adopter des politiques publiques compensatrices. De tels mecanismes, justifiant la perpetuation des positions acquises dans le domaine de l'exportation de produits technologiques, voire leur approfondissement sont a l'origine de profondes asymetries entre pays europeens, asymetries que ce document de travail se propose d'examiner en utilisant des statistiques de commerce international.

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Paper provided by CEPII research center in its series Working Papers with number 1999-08.

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Date of creation: Jun 1999
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Handle: RePEc:cii:cepidt:1999-08

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Related research
Keywords: commerce international; gammmes de qualite; produits de haute technologie; produits intermediaires; specialisation;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
O33 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
O52 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Ethier, Wilfred, 1979. "Internationally decreasing costs and world trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 1-24, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Ethier, Wilfred J, 1982. "National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(3), pages 389-405, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Aghion, P. & Howitt, P., 1990. "A Model Of Growth Through Creative Destruction," DELTA Working Papers 90-12, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure).
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  4. Ethier, Wilfred J, 1982. "Decreasing Costs in International Trade and Frank Graham's Argument for Protection," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(5), pages 1243-68, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. David Greenaway & Robert Hine & Chris Milner, 1994. "Country-specific factors and the pattern of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in the UK," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 130(1), pages 77-100, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Greenaway, David & Hine, Robert C & Milner, Chris, 1995. "Vertical and Horizontal Intra-industry Trade: A Cross Industry Analysis for the United Kingdom," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 105(433), pages 1505-18, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2002. "Illusory Border Effects: Distance Mismeasurement Inflates Estimates of Home Bias in Trade," Working Papers 2002-01, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
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