We study the impact of import protection on relationship-specific investments, organizationalchoice and welfare. We show that a tariff on intermediate inputs can improve social welfarethrough mitigating hold-up problems. It does so if it discriminates in favor of the investingparty, thereby improving its bargaining position. On the other hand, a tariff can promptinefficient organizational choices if it discriminates in favor of less productive firms or ifintegration costs are low. Protection distorts organizational choices because tariff revenue,which is external to the firms, drives a wedge between the private and social gains tooffshoring and integration.
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