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Carsharing Parking Policy: Review of North American Practices and San Francisco, California, Bay Area Case Study

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  • Shaheen, Susan A
  • Cohen, Adam P
  • Martin, Elliot

Abstract

Carsharing provides users access to a shared vehicle fleet for short-term use throughout the day, reducing the need for private vehicles. The provision of on-street and public off-street parking dedicated to carsharing is an important policy area confronting public agencies. As of July 2009, approximately 377,600 individuals were carsharing members in North America in about 57 metropolitan areas. A total of 17 jurisdictions, one state (California), and eight public transit operators in North America have formal and informal carsharing parking policies, pilot projects, and proposed legislation. These are reviewed in this paper, along with a framework for carsharing parking policy that reflects three levels of governmental support. In addition, the authors examine carsharing parking policies in three jurisdictions in the San Francisco Bay Area, which accounts for an estimated 50,000 carsharing members and 1,100 shared-use vehicles. Supporting this examination is an intercept survey on carsharing parking (n=425) conducted in the Bay Area. Results show that most people supported the conversion of some type of spaces for carsharing use, and 48% thought that carsharing organizations should compensate the city for on-street spaces. At the same time, converting most types of spaces was opposed by at least 20% of respondents. Neighborhood residents were generally more in favor of parking conversion for carsharing than people visiting the area for work or errands. Finally, a majority (61%) felt that non-profits should have priority over for-profit organizations for carsharing spaces and should pay less than for-profit organizations.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaheen, Susan A & Cohen, Adam P & Martin, Elliot, 2010. "Carsharing Parking Policy: Review of North American Practices and San Francisco, California, Bay Area Case Study," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt4q25869t, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt4q25869t
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan Alison & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Carsharing’S Impact On Household Vehicle Holdings: Results From A North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt0850h6r5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    2. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan Alison & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Carsharing’S Impact On Household Vehicle Holdings: Results From A North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt0850h6r5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan A & Lidicker, Jeffrey, 2010. "Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Holdings: Resultsvfrom a North American Shared-Use Vehicle Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3bn9n6pq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Chan, Nelson, 2014. "Evolution of E-Mobility in Carsharing Business Models," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt5tc324v0, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    2. Virginie Boutueil & Kei Tanikawa Obregón & Anna Voskoboynikova, 2019. "Exploring shared mobility services beyond the common-sense understanding: a combination of diachronic and spatial analysis based on case studies of Paris and London," Post-Print hal-02422161, HAL.
    3. Philipp Ströhle & Christoph M. Flath & Johannes Gärttner, 2019. "Leveraging Customer Flexibility for Car-Sharing Fleet Optimization," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(1), pages 42-61, February.
    4. Ye, Qing Chuan & Zhang, Yingqian & Dekker, Rommert, 2017. "Fair task allocation in transportation," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-16.
    5. Shaheen, Susan A PhD & Cohen, Adam P, 2012. "Carsharing and Personal Vehicle Services: Worldwide Market Developments and Emerging Trends," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt7fh4w0q5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    6. Efthymiou, Dimitrios & Antoniou, Constantinos & Waddell, Paul, 2013. "Factors affecting the adoption of vehicle sharing systems by young drivers," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 64-73.
    7. Kim, Kyeongsu, 2015. "Can carsharing meet the mobility needs for the low-income neighborhoods? Lessons from carsharing usage patterns in New York City," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 249-260.
    8. Yun Wang & Xuedong Yan & Yu Zhou & Qingwan Xue & Li Sun, 2017. "Individuals’ Acceptance to Free-Floating Electric Carsharing Mode: A Web-Based Survey in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, May.
    9. Carrese, Stefano & D'Andreagiovanni, Fabio & Giacchetti, Tommaso & Nardin, Antonella & Zamberlan, Leonardo, 2021. "An optimization model and genetic-based matheuristic for parking slot rent optimization to carsharing," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    10. dell’Olio, Luigi & Cordera, Ruben & Ibeas, Angel & Barreda, Rosa & Alonso, Borja & Moura, Jose Luis, 2019. "A methodology based on parking policy to promote sustainable mobility in college campuses," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 148-156.
    11. Merfeld, Katrin & Wilhelms, Mark-Philipp & Henkel, Sven & Kreutzer, Karin, 2019. "Carsharing with shared autonomous vehicles: Uncovering drivers, barriers and future developments – A four-stage Delphi study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 66-81.
    12. Kent, Jennifer & Dowling, Robyn & Maalsen, Sophia, 2017. "Catalysts for transport transitions: Bridging the gap between disruptions and change," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 200-207.
    13. Julie Clark & Angela Curl, 2016. "Bicycle and Car Share Schemes as Inclusive Modes of Travel? A Socio-Spatial Analysis in Glasgow, UK," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(3), pages 83-99.
    14. Stasko, Timon H. & Buck, Andrew B. & Oliver Gao, H., 2013. "Carsharing in a university setting: Impacts on vehicle ownership, parking demand, and mobility in Ithaca, NY," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 262-268.
    15. Firnkorn, Jörg, 2012. "Triangulation of two methods measuring the impacts of a free-floating carsharing system in Germany," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(10), pages 1654-1672.
    16. Dowling, Robyn & Kent, Jennifer, 2015. "Practice and public–private partnerships in sustainable transport governance: The case of car sharing in Sydney, Australia," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 58-64.

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